The Debate Concerning Stem Cell Research Essay - 1114 Words

Stem cell research is one of the most fascinating discoveries of today’s science. Stem cells are cells that are found in all multi-cellular organisms. There are two types of stem cells: the embryonic stem cell, which is found in an embryo, and the adult stem cell, which is found in adult tissues. They have the ability to divide themselves into other specialized cell types which will grow to become the human body parts such as the circulatory system, the nervous system and the immune system. While legal, â€Å"several lawsuits have been filed relating to stem cell research issues. In March 2013, a lawsuit was filed in federal court to stop federal funding of human embryonic stem cell research and to overturn the NIH guidelines† (Duffy).†¦show more content†¦If the government were to provide federal funding for stem cell research, scientists would possibly be able to cure diseases such as Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s, spinal cord injuries, strokes, b urns, heart diseases, diabetes, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis and many more diseases that are yet to be discovered. All these mentioned problems are related to a missing piece of the body which can potentially be replaced by stem cells, since, scientists believe that stem cells have the ability to grow into any part in the human body. At least 1 million Americans have Parkinsons disease (Parkinson’s disease). People die almost every day by heart diseases. â€Å"More than 20 million Americans have a condition called impaired glucose tolerance that frequently progresses to diabetes. Another 16 million have diabetes itself, which is the leading cause of blindness, foot and leg amputations, and advanced kidney disease and a major contributor to heart attacks and strokes† (Diabetes). As the statistics show, a massive amount of people have died from diseases and that figure excludes people that have other diseases or people that have not been registered in the facts. If Stem Cell Research was federally funded, science would have more opportunities to save many lives. Stem Cells can help science in many new areas of medical research. Science needs to pursue research that can have unknownShow MoreRelatedEssay on The Heated Debate Concerning Stem Cell Research2589 Words   |  11 Pagesof stem cells can become a very controversial subject in the scientific research world. Stem cells serve as an internal repair system to restore other cells as long as the person or animal is still alive. By doing so, many fatal and untreatable diseases such as leukemia and Parkinson’s would be able to be treated and cured. The origination of stem cells is what stirs up great controversy across the nation and among the world. Until recently, scientists primarily worked with two kinds of stem cells:Read MoreEssay The Debate Concerning Stem Cell Research1409 Words   |  6 PagesOver the past few decades, the subject of stem cell research has been the topic of debates around the world. In the blink of an eye, clones, perfect children, and immortality are no lon ger a myth told by elders around campfires. Through various techniques, scientists are able to better the lives of those living, but at what cost? In their articles â€Å"Cloning Human Beings: An Assessment of Pro and Con,† by author Dan W. Brock; â€Å"The Ethical Implications of Guman Cloning,† by Michael J. Sandel; â€Å"TheriputicRead MoreThe Heated Debate Concerning Stem Cell Research Essay2103 Words   |  9 Pages(Engebreston, 2006). In today’s world medical research and technology is rapidly changing and there are increasing ethical conflicts between science and religion particularly with the recent harvest and research of embryonic stem cells. The use of embryonic stem cells has been described by â€Å"Chris McDonald, stem cell research centre, 2008† as one of the most significant breakthroughs of this century in biomedicine. The focus question within this research assignment is, it is right to regard an embryoRead MoreThe Heated Debate Concer ning Stem Cell Research Essay787 Words   |  4 PagesThe Controversy Over Stem Cell Research In a lab at the University of California, a scientist carefully isolates several cells and locates them to a petry dish. A few days later, he returns to find the cells pulsating like a human heart (Gorman 58). This account has actually been occurring at several scientific labs across the nation. These cells, known as stem cells, produce nearly all the other cells and tissues found in the human body (Sobel Sep 4, 22). Intensive research has found that whenRead MoreThe Debate Concerning Embryonic Stem Cell Research Essay1406 Words   |  6 Pagesembryonic stem cell research. The embryonic stem cell debate has polarized the country into those who argue that such research holds promises of ending a great deal of human suffering and others who condemn such research as involving the abortion of a potential human life. If any answer to the ethical debate surrounding this particular aspect of stem cell research exists, it is a hazy one at best. The question facing many scientists and policy makers involved in embryonic stem cell research is, whichRead MoreThe Heated Debate Concerning Stem Cell Research Essay1043 Words   |  5 PagesStates, research has become a viable tool for sustaining and prolonging human life. As research evolves, it brings along with it much controversy, especially where stem cell research is involved. Stem cell research can bring new insight to today’s medical field. This may be the way of finding solutions concerning many health injuries and diseases which would diversely be thought of as implausible. Thoughts can be influenced by Deborah White, in Pros Cons of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, â€Å"EmbryonicRead MoreThe Heated Debate Concerning Stem Cell Research Essay878 Words   |  4 PagesStem Cell Research   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The topic of stem cell research does not affect me so much at the moment. It might in the future, but for now it does not. I do believe that stem cell research should be used for cloning organs that will be used for organ transplants. I do not however think that parents should place the doctors on pedestals just because these â€Å"mad scientists† supposedly have the power of God.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The topic of heated debate does intrigue me, but not to the point as to where I would makeRead MoreEssay on The Heated Debate Concerning Stem Cell Research1025 Words   |  5 PagesStem Cell Research Should stem cell research be allowed? Stem cell research has been a major biological breakthrough in recent years. It has great potential to help people and ease suffering. But there is also a moral question raised about stem cell research, and that comes from the source of stem cells. Ever since Stem Cell research started, there has been much debate over whether or not it should be allowed. Some people are completely against stem cell research becauseRead MoreThe Heated Debate Concerning Stem Cell Research Essay1477 Words   |  6 PagesStem Cells Few scientific issues in recent years have managed to draw as much attention, both scientific and otherwise, than stem cell research. I was first introduced to the term ‘stem cells’ when I was in high school, and since then, I have had a keen interest in the direction science is taking them. When considering medical research as a whole, stem cells appear to have the makings of a 21st century medical revolution a la discovery of antibiotics . The open-ended nature of stems cells hasRead MoreThe Heated Debate Concerning Stem Cell Research Essay2353 Words   |  10 PagesThe Moral Debate over Stem Cell Research President George W. Bush looked stern and confident as he addressed the American people on August 9th, 2001. It was an historic day for the 43rd president, as he explained the debate surrounding embryonic stem cell research, including its possible benefits for science but also its problems surrounding morals and ethics. â€Å"The issue is debated within the church, with people of different faiths, even many of the same faith coming to different conclusions

Effects of Business Cycles - 1731 Words

Introduction In general the economy tends to experience different trends. These trends can be grouped as the business/trade cycle and may contain a boom, recession, depression and recovery. A business/trade cycle (see figure 1) is the periodic but irregular up-and-down movements in economic activity, measured by fluctuations in real Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and other macroeconomic variables. Samuelson and Nordhaus (1998), defined it as ‘a swing in total national input, income and employment, usually lasting for a period of 2 to 10 years, marked by widespread expansion or contraction in most sectors of the economy’. These fluctuations in economic activity usually have implications on employment, consumption, business confidence,†¦show more content†¦USA budget deficit, which for 2006 fell to $247.7 billion, the lowest in four years is of much concern. The September 11 terrorism attacks has aided to the retrenchment of economic activity and this has also affected the leve l of confidence in businesses and consumers. In 2000, consumer debt growth of 8.6% compared with real disposable income growth of 4.8%. During the first quarter of 2006, private household debt grew to 11.6% annually compared with zero real disposable income growth. The thriving technology in the USA led to a large number of investment in information processing equipment and software resulting in high equity values which also resulted in a decline by the second quarter of 2000. In October 2001employment fell by 439,000 jobs, and unemployment rate soared from 4.9% to 5.4%. Over 500,000 jobs were lost in the recession and a further one million jobs were destroyed in the weak â€Å"job-loss† recovery from November 2001 to June 2003. People who lived below the poverty line jumped from 31.06 million to 34.06 million by 2002. This recession could have been avoided, however the argument against government intervention using discretionary fiscal policy to tackle recession accentuates the long time lags involved in altering fiscal policy in USA. There was proof in 2000 that the USA economy was slowing. Congress passed a tax cut in 2001, but it took Congress until March 2002 to pass the Economy Recovery Act to provide further inducement to theShow MoreRelatedEffect Of The Business Cycle Essay983 Words   |  4 PagesThis study uses time-series data from the CPS March data to investigate the effect of the business cycle from 2003 to 2014 on the wage differentials between females and males. The CPS is a monthly sample survey of approximately 60,000 households conducted by the Census Bureau for the Bureau of Labor Statistics, which can be considered as the primary source of labor force statistics for the population of the United States. This study also uses data from the Local Area Unemployment Statistics (LAU S)Read MoreDefinition Of Liabilities1623 Words   |  7 Pageswhich are we purchase product, service or take money in credit base and we can make a promise to creditors to we can pay those money in future. Overdraft When a person or business require money this time overdraft facility can be use. In this facility money is withdrawn from a bank account. In this facility a person or business withdraw money and the available balance goes below zero. In this situation call to be overdrawn. Provision for Income Taxes All provision is making for uncertain timingRead MoreThe Impact Of Neoclassical Economics On The Economy Essay1344 Words   |  6 Pagesboth the private sector (households and privately owned businesses) and public sector (government) have an active and important role in the economy. He argued that in a capitalist economy, the government would have a direct response to where in a business cycle the economy was at any particular time—Borrow to spend in a Recession or Bust, and spend only to the level of revenue collected during a period of growth or Booms. Milton Friedman, an American economist, believed strongly in a neoclassical, one-directionalRead MoreBusiness Cycle Theories : A General Comparison1625 Words   |  7 Pages Business Cycle Theories: A General Comparison Maria Sciarrino Niagara University ECO101HON â€Æ' Business Cycle Theories: A General Comparison Throughout history, economies have experienced times of high growth and low unemployment as well as times of little or negative growth and high unemployment. It is controversial whether or not these instances occurred from regular fluctuations in the market. These alternating up and down fluctuations typically occur over several years, with each individualRead MoreMexico Business Cycle1260 Words   |  6 PagesMexico’s Business Cycle The term business cycle or economic cycle refers to the fluctuations of economic activity around its long-term growth trend. It involves shifts over time between periods of relatively rapid growth of output-recovery and prosperity, and periods of relative stagnation or decline- contraction or recession. These fluctuations are often measured using real gdp. Despite being termed cycles, these fluctuations in economic growth and decline do not follow a purely mechanicalRead MoreBusiness Cycles Macro Economic Conditions And Its Impact Towards The Country1396 Words   |  6 Pages Economics for Business Essay Question Lecture Name - Maruf Mostafa Student Name - Wastu Kankanamalage Gayani Chathurangi Maithripala Student ID – 11621711 Word Count – 1000 Introduction This essay will mainly focus, discussing business cycles in macro-economic conditions and their impact towards the country. The first part of the essay will describe different economic conditions within the macro-economic such as an economy boom and recession. The argument will bring out some definitionsRead MoreDoes Oil Price Shocks Affect Business Cycles?994 Words   |  4 PagesIt is often said that oil price shocks affect business cycles, triggering a detrimental effect on the economic activity of some countries when they rise and a favourable effect when they fall. One instance could be the U.S., where the data suggests that most recessions after 1973 have been headed by oil price increases, which is often taken as evidence of recessions being caused by oil price shocks. This brings up to question through which channels oil price shocks might be transmitted to economicRead MoreThe Cause And Effect Of Leaded Gasoline1544 Words   |  7 PagesUnfortunately, these problems did no t cease to exist on the chimerical border between the past and the present. In fact, the United States is once again faced with decisions to make regarding significant economic issues in the form of externalities and business cycles. The first major problem facing the U.S. today is that of externalities. An externality is a cost associated with the production or consumption of a good or service in the economy that is not paid for by the producer or the consumer. When thisRead MoreClimate Change Is Destroying The World Essay1058 Words   |  5 Pagesfor decades now. Although, in the last 30 years climate change has become a very controversial topic in the world of politics and business. This topic has went from scientist observing small changes in the weather, to a multi-billion dollar campaigns ran by the world’s governments and private industries. The topic of climate change has influenced everything from business decisions to new laws being put into place. The debate in climate change is usually found on the worldwide political stage. RarelyRead MoreCompare and Contrast the Characteristics of a Growing and a Mature Product Market1034 Words   |  5 Pagescharacteristics of a growing and a mature pro duct market. Regardless of the value of every product, they all progress through a product life cycle. The phase starts with the introduction of the product and gradually moves to growth, maturity and finally be replaced by new improved products or naturally decline. Each of these stages of product life cycle requires a different marketing mix and research. The life of a product is the period over which it appeals to customers. The sales performance

Advanced technology social interactions among young adults Free Essays

Over the recent years, there has been an advance in technology that has greatly changed the way people interact socially and the way they work. Technological advancement in the communication sector especially has given rise to faster and improved modes of communication. One such mode of communication is the internet or world wide web (www). We will write a custom essay sample on Advanced technology social interactions among young adults or any similar topic only for you Order Now The Internet is a mode of communication that interconnects different independent networks to turn the world into one big village. This has been made possible through the invention of a new type of computers that have improved speed, high data storage capacity   and are small in size as compared to the older generation computers. They are also user friendly (Daniel J. Myers (2000). Thesis statement The Internet operates through communication software that enable the users to get access to the Internet. These are programs such as Mozillafirefox, Miocrosoft |Internet Explorer, Netscapes Navigator to name but a few. We also have programs that enable the user to access information about any subject that he/she wishes to explore. Such programs are known as search engines and good examples are www.Google.com and www.yahoo.com. Such programs provide email and internet services. To add the list are Instant Messaging or chatting, blogging, Social Networking Sites and computer games among others. Telephone lines are used to interconnect different computers to enableflow of data or information. Through the   internet, communication has become faster and more reliable and a short text message (sms) is as reliable as a telephone call (Blaise W. Liffick, Ph.D.) Telecommunication sector has also benefited from the introduction of a convenient and fast mode of communication, the mobile phone. As the name suggests, this phone is portable and it ensures one of communication wherever you go as long as the area is covered by a network. Advanced technology has interconnected the computer, mobile phone and radio communication in such a way that a user is able to listen to the radio online or through their mobile phone. The people who have embraced this kind of change in technology are the youth and this has greatly affected the way the that they interact within society. Improved computer literacy has favored the young people in that majority of them are computer literate and can understand the computer language. The youth for example are the dominant group that will be found at social networking sites. To understand better how advanced technology has affected the life of the young adult generation, we need to explore a bit into the different methods of communication. The mobile phone is the most easily accessible gadget used in modern day communication.   Millions of people worldwide especially the young adults have embraced this mode of communication and majority own mobile phones. A mobile phone has great advantage over a fixed telephone or computer in that it is portable and helps the user take communication wherever he or she goes. Communication has become faster and cheaper through calls or short text messages and people are now closely knit together through this network. Improvements to this service have given rise to radio and email communication through the mobile phone and one can now access the internet of listen to radio through the phone. Mobile phone communication means that information goes with you wherever you are. Through the mobile phone, it has become very easy to keep contact with colleagues such as former schoolmates, parents, friends etc.Everything has its own disadvantages and the mobile phone is no exception. Wrong information can easily be relayed through this mode of communication and lawbreakers have taken advantage of this. Unruly youths have been able to organize criminal activities in a faster and more organized manner making it difficult for the law to get them. The mobile phone has been a source of breakups in relationships as people disagree on phone. Young adults are most prone to this kind of problem. The internet also known as the web or cyberspace has turned the world into one village by interconnecting and the world can now meet together on the internet. Anyone who can be able to access the internet has access to almost everything they need. Where young people previously referred to libraries and archives for information, they can now collect materials from the internet.   The internet works through a collection of web addresses or www which enable the user to access the internet . This is done through internet service providers who make these web pages accessible to the users. Various computer programs enable the user to carry out different functions over the internet such as chatting,   teleconferencing, blogging and email. The internet has become a source of employment for millions of young people around the world as they are the people working in the fields of networking, programming etc This means that a new social group that was not there before is now in existent and in operation. These groups have their own way of interacting and co-existing in their working and also social emvironment. E-mail is a mode of communication on the internet that links together subscribers who have registered on the internet. It allows a subscriber to receive, read, compose and reply mail online. This mode of communication is very popular with the young people as it is a more modern method of letter writing. It beats normal postage in that the reciepent   gets the information immediately. It is cheaper that a telephone call and carrys more information than a text message. The young adults have taken advantage of its convenience to update each other on different issues, to apply for schools and jobs etc. The email makes the distance covered by normal mail shorter, is faster and more reliable. We also have webmail the difference being that with an email you have to work online but with a webmail you work offline and get connected when sending the information. The email service is now available through the mobile phone and this has made it even cheaper and more convenient as one does not have to visit a cyber room to send or receive an email (Joan Tunstall, J. (1999). Chatting   refers to a mode of communication over the internet in which two or more people in different localities can hold a conversation or discussion online by typing information on the computer. This is a style very popular with the youth as it is same as if people were talking face to face the only difference being that you cannot hear or see each other. Chat rooms created on the web have become meeting places fro many young people and they have also been able to make new friends through this channel. This has given rise to   new kind of social group that   communicates through chat rooms (Daniel J. Myers (2000). Blogging is another type of internet communication that is popular with the young people. This form of online publishing enables the user to add new information onto an already existing topic. Blogging is very convenient in that a new user can use an already existing blog to add new contributions to a certain topic. Blogging is very popular with people who wish to market their products as they have a fast means of letting fellow bloggers what’s on the market. The internet provides such programs as Windows Media Player that enables the user to play digital music through the computer e.g CDs, DVDs   and also listen to FM stations. Young people are fun lovers and they are now able to watch movies, listen to music and   radio through the internet. This can be done form the comfort of you living room or even in the office when relaxing. This has affected the mode of interaction amongst the youth in that they now no longer have to visit movie houses to watch movies but can borrow from the library . Download software programs also enable the young people to play various types of games which would otherwise have been un affordable in the real situation. Young adults are also able to share ideas through Social Networking Sites (SNSs). Social Network Sites are internet based services that enable people to created their own personal profiles. Examples are Mysapce and Facebook. These profiles can be shared with other persons within a closed environment. Users will be able to interact within the same user group although these sites can also be viewed by non-users. Users are able to upload such items as photos, videos etc. This mode of communication is used to enhance interaction between relationships that were already existing offline. Users of this service are introduced by others already in the service and thus the reason why young people are attracted to SNSs; because their friends are already on these sites. This work to create closed user groups. Social Network Sites grow in popularity among people of a certain country, race, sex or even community. SNSs   like CyWorld and Orkut for example are very popular in countries such as Korea, India and Brazil. An SNS will therefore enable a certain community or group to post and share comments as well as enhance friendships. The users are able to express themselves while at the same time interacting with others within an SNS   community. This mode of communication makes interaction easier and faster by reducing distance between the users (Ramy H.N., Moppett S. A (2000). Teleconfrencing is yet another mode if internet communication that has changed the way young adults interact. This refers to holding of meetings through the internet between groups at different geographical locations. Unlike in chatting, the parties involved are able to see and hear each other. Social forums   involving young people as well as academic exchange programs are carried out through teleconferencing.   This means that ideas are exchanged and solutions to various found while avoiding traveling costs. How to cite Advanced technology social interactions among young adults, Essays

How to read newspaper free essay sample

Divide it into three main portions MCQs National Issues International Issues MCQS This portion will be reserved for sifting material for MCQs of current affairs paper. Following are key areas for MCQs Names of Presidents , Prime Ministers and other heads of states of key countries Capital cities of the important countries of the world Heads of international organizations such as World Bank , IMF , ADB etc News agencies Currencies Major international events Major international sports events etc Make sub sections of various national issues confronting Pakistan that are likely to be asked in the forthcoming CSS examination. For Example Balochistan issue Water crisis Energy crisis Sustainability of economy Terrorism NFC award etc Make sub sections of various international issues confronting the world that are likely to be asked in the forthcoming CSS examination. For Example Iraq Iran Atgnanistan Palestine China supremacy Rise of Russia etc For reading purpose we can divide newspaper (here from newspaper we will assume DAWN) in four sections I-Main page 2-Editorial page 3-World in focus 4-0ther special editions Main Page Keeping in view above sections, have a look at the main page and read those pieces f news which are related to the above issues only. We will write a custom essay sample on How to read newspaper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page If there is any major or important development in those issues than note down in the relevant section only the development not the whole story. If there is no news related to any of the above issue than those who have recently started reading newspaper should read at least one piece of news from main page. Editorial Page Having cursory look at other pages, move on to the editorial page. Editorials are a MUST DAILY read. Read main article for two months continuously if you are a fresh reader, than you may skip if you feel like it being the repetition. Similarly, note down the important facts of the issues in their respective sections. World in Focus In this section the writers are mostly foreigners. Their style of writing and the way of looking at various issues is worth noting. Study at least one. Note down the way they take up and analyze the issue. Other special editions Do read following One article from Business Review on every Monday One article from Encounter on every Saturday. From Science dot com, any thing related to EDS directly. Sunday magazine any thing useful for any subject of CSS Friday feature is a MUST read on every Friday.

Zen Mind Beginner free essay sample

Zen Mind, Beginner # 8217 ; s Mind Essay, Research Paper Doctrine Critical Book Review: Zen Mind, Beginner s Mind For my critical book reappraisal I chose to read, Zen Mind, Beginner s Mind, by Shunryu Suzuki. Suzuki was a direct religious descendent of the great thirteenth-century Zen maestro Dogen. Suzuki was already a profoundly respected Zen maestro in Japan when he came to America in 1958 meaning on a short visit. He was really impressed by the earnestness he found among Americans interested in Zen that he became a lasting occupant in San Francisco. His following became so big that it expanded into three major locations including, Zen Mountain Center, the first Zen preparation centre outside of Asia. He died at the Zen Center in December 1971 ; a twelvemonth after this book was published. I chose this book because Zen speculation is something that has interested me for a few old ages after larning briefly about it in high school. We will write a custom essay sample on Zen Mind Beginner or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Zen is something that I hope to seek in the close hereafter, perchance after I visit a Zen Center when I m in California this summer. However, after reading this book I have learned that Zen is non truly something which you are supposed to seek at, you re merely supposed to make it and non believe about it. Zen Mind, is composed of three major subdivisions with many sub-categories in each subdivision to explicate the subject. Separate 1 is entitled Right Practice. In this subdivision zazen is explained to the reader. Zazen is the name for seated speculation. Separate 1 was my favourite subdivision. There are many interesting thoughts and accounts found here. In this subdivision Suzuki explains Right Practice through negotiations on position, take a breathing, control, head moving ridges, head weeds, the marrow of zen, no dualism, obeisance, and nil particular. Correct position is explained depicting full Nelumbo nucifera place. Full Nelumbo nucifera place is when your left pes is on your right thigh, and your right pes is on your left thigh. He explains that when you cross your legs in this manner even though you have a right leg and a left leg, they have become one. The place expresses the unity of dichotomy. Lotus place is complete when you have your custodies cupped resting on your l ap. It is of import that when you sit in the Nelumbo nucifera place that you maintain your back to the full straight. Suzuki says, You should non be tilted sideways, backwards, or forwards. You should be sitting directly up as if you were back uping the sky with your caput. If you slump, you will lose yourself. ( pg.26 ) Breathing is the 2nd thought touched upon by Suzuki in this subdivision. He talks about how of import it is to let your head to follow your external respiration. As you regulate your external respiration and relax, your head is easy able to unclutter of all thought and your pattern will be pure. The absence of idea is the pure facet of zazen. To make nil but exist and have a clear head is what is desired in zazen. The subdivision on bowing smitten me as really interesting. It is symbolic of the subject of unimportance seen throughout Buddhism. Suzuki provinces, Sometimes a adult male bows to a adult female ; sometimes a adult female bows to a adult male. Sometimes t he adherent bows to the maestro ; sometimes the maestro bows to the adherent. A maestro who can non bow to his adherent can non bow to Buddha. ( pg.43 ) In many faiths there is normally a supreme being, something which is worshipped and that you humble yourself towards. I have a regard for Buddhism because of its equality it preaches. Turning up as a Catholic I was ever taught to humble myself before priests ; it wasn t frequently when they would make likewise for me. It seems that there is much less of a hierarchy in Buddhism than in other faiths, which is something that entreaties to me. The last subject in this subdivision is entitled nil particular. This subdivision talks about the simpleness in which you should near zazen. Zen pattern is the direct look of our true human nature. Beneath our complicated outsides we are really simple animals. Zazen allows us to set everything around us out of our head and loosen up into a brooding province. Suzuki explains that practising zazen s hould be nil particular. It is natural and can be done as modus operandi like traveling to bed each twenty-four hours. Right Attitude is the name of the 2nd portion in, Zen Mind, Beginner s Mind. Within this portion the subdivisions are entitled, resolved manner, repeat, Zen and exhilaration, right attempt, no hint, God giving, errors in pattern, restricting your activity, survey yourself, to smooth a tile, stability, communicating, negative and positive, nirvana, the waterfall. In this portion Suzuki explains the type of attitude you should hold when practising zazen. The subdivision on right attempt negotiations about the type of attempt you should set when practising zazen. Suzuki says, seek non to see something in peculiar ; seek non to accomplish anything particular. You already have everything in your ain pure quality. ( pg.59 ) Suzuki explains that to pattern omega azen you shouldn t attempt to concentrate on anything in peculiar, instead, seek non to concentrate on anything at all. To hold right attempt is to non set attempt into practising ; merely making is the end here. The subdivision after right attempt is entitled no hint. It is a good compliment to compensate attempt because it displays the subject of dichotomy that is ever re-emerging throughout Buddhism. No hint explains how to pattern zazen. In right attempt, Suzuki said non to seek anything when practising zazen, but here he says, When you pattern zazen you should make it with your whole organic structure and head, you should be concentrated on what you do. Make it wholly, like a good balefire burns its firewood. ( pg.62 ) The thought in this subdivision is to go forth no hint of yourself in any other activity than what you are making ( zazen ) . Suzuki explains that when we do something our head is cluttered with other things and our focal point is non complete. There are hints of others things on our head. The following subdivision on restricting your activity was besides really good. This subdivision spoke on how zazen is for everyone. It s non reserved for Buddhists entirely. Suzuki says, our pattern is for everyone, it has nil to make with some peculiar spiritual belief. ( pg.75 ) The cosmopolitan nature of zazen is explained in this portion and why everyone can pattern zazen. One last subdivision that I found interesting in this portion was the subdivision on stability. Constancy reminds us to, cultivate our ain liquors, ( pg.83 ) everything we need is within us. Suzuki speaks a spot on the importance of the sutras. The sutras he explains are simply a usher, something that points you in the right way. It s up to you to happen what you want in them. A instructor can merely learn so much to a pupil, the pupil has to come to his or her ain decisions on what they feel. Part 3 is called Right Understanding. It includes subdivisions on traditional Zen spirit, transience, the quality of being, naturalness, emptiness, preparedness, heedfulness, believing in nil, attachment/non-attachment, composure, experience/not doctrine, original Buddhism, beyond consciousness, and Buddha s enlightenment. Transience was the first subdivision in this portion that I truly enjoyed. This subdivision echoed the thought of impermanency that we ve learned this semester. The self-nature of all being is nil but alteration itself. ( pg.102 ) Suzuki explains transience as the basic instruction of Buddhism, alteration. The instructions of Zen aren t concrete and stiff, they are meant for you to happen your ain way. Suzuki besides did a chapter on the ever-important subject of emptiness. Suzuki provinces, If you want to understand Buddhism it is necessary to understand the thought of emptiness. ( pg.110 ) The Buddhist apprehension of life includes being and non-existence. We hav e learned these thoughts in our category this semester, nevertheless, the accounts in this book by Suzuki are hard to understand in some parts. The thought of being is surely a hard one to explicate, non to take away from what he wrote. I found this book as a whole really interesting. There were some subjects that we haven Ts discussed in category that were in this book which gave me a better apprehension of subjects we have discussed. For illustration, Transiency helped me understand emptiness better. The manner that Suzuki went through Zen Mind and zazen consistently helped me understand these hard constructs. Suzuki goes through each specific facet and gives metaphors and anecdotes to explicate these better. This technique was really effectual. The subdivision entitled survey yourself I found to be really good written and interesting. Suzuki says here, To hold some deep feeling about Buddhism is non the point ; we merely do what we should make, like eating supper and traveling to bed. This is Buddhism. ( pg.76 ) Most faiths call for you to make certain things and live a certain manner ( Ten Commandments ) . Buddhism wants you to analyze yourself and turn as an person. The thing that entreaties to me here is that other faiths seem to desire you to be portion of a corporate whole and wear t push for the individualism that Buddhism does. As a college pupil I found that I could associate to some of the things that Shunryu Suzuki spoke on in this book. Geting through college is non an easy undertaking. The focal point that is built-in in many of the Zen accomplishments I feel I apply to my ain life at times when I m analyzing for multiple trials and run intoing hard deadlines. In college there are many enticements to follow what is traveling on around you ; there are ever people that are traveling to seek to convey you down. Sing the world of things and maintaining a strong head merely as Zen Teachs are tools that I apply to my ain life as a pupil. I found many of the instructions in this book new and interesting. I didn t find anything that I could state I didn Ts like, It s all new to me and I m merely get downing to larn it, at this clip I can t be so judgmental.

A study of Kes by Barry Hines and Allan Stronach Essay Example

A study of Kes by Barry Hines and Allan Stronach Essay Example A study of Kes by Barry Hines and Allan Stronach Essay A study of Kes by Barry Hines and Allan Stronach Essay Essay Topic: Literature We have been studying the play called Kes by Barry Hines and Allan Stronach. We also watched the film. We have been studying the Main Character, Billy Casper, and his home life, hobbies and school life. I will be writing about these points and some parts of the film. Billy is keen in falconry. He is very interested in this type of bird. He gets his hawk from a nest high up on an old ruined monastery where some of the bricks where unstable. Billy wants to train it but does not know how so he goes to the library to try and borrow a book on falconry. When he gets there he can not take it out as he is not a member of the library. So he goes to the shelf and steals the book. In the film this is different because he goes to a book store and steals the book there instead. He calls the bird Kes and keeps it in his shed. He grows close to the bird as he starts to train it slowly. Eventually he lets it fly on its own. He spends most of his time with Kes. At home Billy has to share a bed with his older brother, Jud. Jud bullies Billy by hitting him and calling him names. The mother, only known as Mrs Casper, doesnt care for Billy and Jud very well. She doesnt make them breakfast in the morning. Later she asks Billy if he has fags when he is about to be late for school which shows what she thinks of her son. Mrs Casper and Jud argue a lot of the time as Jud thinks he can do what he wants when he wants to. Billy has a paper round at his local shop. On the morning the story starts Jud steals Billys bike so Billy has to walk his paper round. At school Billy spends little time paying attention to his teachers and most of the time day dreaming. After he walks his paper round he is very tired and falls asleep in the morning assembly and is sent by the headmaster, Mr Gyrce, to his office where he is to get the cane. In the office there are other people as well. When Mr Gyrce comes in he starts to give the boys a long lecture on how it always seems to be the same people in there. They got two snaps of the cane one on each hand. When Billy is in Mr Farthings Room for English he is not paying any attention to a boring talk on tadpoles that another boy is doing. He gets into trouble and is forced to do a talk he is not prepared for because he is not meant to do one. The talk is on his hobbies so he talks about Kes. At first he puts no effort in his talk but gets more excited as he gets more and more enthusiastic about it. He uses all of the technical terms. In the film this scene is good as it shows his enthusiasm for his hobby and the interest of the class. The next scene is set in the play ground at break time where Billy is alone walking around. He walks past a boy known as MacDowell who starts to say abusive things about Billys family. Billy gets angry and they start to fight on a pile of coal. Everyone comes running to watch which is shown with a long shot camera angle. Mr Farthing shows up and breaks up the fight. MacDowell starts to argue with Mr Farthing and is sent inside. Mr Farthing starts to ask Billy about what things are like at home and we can see on Billys face in the film that he does not really want be there answering the questions asked by Mr Farthing. However, when Mr Farthing starts to ask about Kes then his voice and face seem to pick up a bit. We see all this thanks to a close up camera angle. In the final part of story a lot of things happen. It all starts when Jud leaves money and a betting slip for Billy to put on at the bookies. When Billy gets there he is not sure whether both horses will win or not on a doubles bet. So he asks a man who thinks that one of them will win but the other one wont. Billy decides to chuck the betting slip but keep the money. Billy goes and gets some chips for himself and some beef for Kes with Juds money. When Billy is back at school and his is looking out the window again day dreaming. He sees Jud out in the playground and then the bell goes. Billy is scared so he goes and hides in the boiler room. When Billy comes out, he sees two boys from his class and asks them if they had seen Jud. The boys say they had seen Jud looking for him about half an hour ago and that he seemed furious and determined to find him. They also said that Mr Gyrce was looking for him as well. At that moment Mr Gyrce comes round the corner and sees Billy. The two boys run off and it is just Mr Gyrce and Billy alone. Billy had missed his appointment with the employment manger when he was hiding, so he is now sent to see the employment manager. Billy is useless in his interview as he is preoccupied with his thoughts of Jud. He also did not really know what he wanted to do when he left school. He took a pamphlet on all the different job options he had. Billy walks home very slowly as he doesnt want to see Jud. Billy goes to see Kes but when he gets there Kes is gone. Billy storms in the house very upset and starts to cry. He shouts at Jud about how he killed Kes in cold blood. Mrs Casper steps in to the argument at this point asking if it is true and Jud owns up. Billy snaps furiously and he jumps up to attack Jud. However Jud is to strong for Billy and throws him off. Billy runs to the bins and tries to find Kes. When he does find him he puts him in his coat and runs off to the field where he used to fly him. He then digs a small grave for him in front of a bush. Billy is now weeping with tears. This scene shows us that Billy loved Kes and he was not just a pet to him but a best friend.

5 Strategies for Tackling SAT Subject Tests

You’ve probably heard plenty about the SAT. But SAT subject tests may be less familiar. What exactly are they? Should you take them? Want tips on how to prepare? Read on to learn what you can expect from the tests and our advice for how to do achieve high scores. Formerly known as the SAT II, an SAT subject test covers your specific knowledge of a given subject area, as opposed to the SAT, which covers general knowledge of only English and math. There are 20 individual subject tests across math, science, English, history, and foreign languages, and you may choose whichever tests you wish to take based on your individual strengths and knowledge areas. However, do keep in mind that if you are applying for certain majors or programs at some schools, you may be required to submit results from specific subject tests. SAT subject tests are administered six times per year, but not all subjects are offered in each sitting. Visit the CollegeBoard’s website to find out when a given subject is offered. You may take 1-3 subjects in a single test sitting, and can add or opt out of tests on the day of with some limitations . However, you may not take subject tests on the same day you take the SAT. The most important reason why you should take SAT subject tests is that many colleges require them as part of the admissions process. To find out which schools do, check out our list . Even colleges that don’t require them may still consider your results if you choose to take them, so they could give you an edge if you perform well. This is a good opportunity to demonstrate your strengths, since you’re able to choose your subjects, and could even compensate for weaker SAT scores, since you can show your aptitude in your strongest areas. If you’re self-taught or have studied certain subjects independently, SAT subjects tests can demonstrate that you’re a natural learner and seek out opportunities outside the classroom. Plus, your results can be used to determine placement or can be applied for credit at some colleges. Our students see an average increase of 250 points on their SAT scores. Remember: this is a chance to demonstrate your strengths in a particular area. Unlike the SAT, subject tests are more closely linked to the content you’ve studied in school. Therefore, if you’ve studied and done well in a particular subject, then chances are good that you’ll also do well on that particular SAT subject test. Of course, make sure to choose the subjects in which you perform best. For example if you’re a math whiz, opt for Math II. If you want another chance to prove your English prowess, take Literature. Also be sure to look into any requirements for the colleges to which you’re applying, since some programs may require specific tests. Make note of when specific tests are offered before you plan your schedule, and remember that you can’t take subject tests on the same day as the SAT. It’s a good idea to take the subject test around the same time as the AP for a given subject, since you’ll effectively be studying for both tests at the same time and will only have to do it once. That way, the material will still be fresh in your mind. You should also visit the CollegeBoard page for each test and consult the recommended preparation section. For instance, for Math II , CollegeBoard recommends â€Å"more than three years of college-preparatory mathematics, including two years of algebra, one year of geometry, and elementary functions (precalculus) or trigonometry or both.† You will also see a list of topics covered and anticipated skills you will need on this page, so make sure you’re familiar with these before you sit for the test. The good news is that there are plenty of resources available for practicing. It’s important to make use of them, because these tests are based on your knowledge of given subjects as opposed to rote skills. Here are a few resources: For every standardized test you take, you should come prepared with certain materials, such as pencils and your ID. But some SAT subject tests require additional materials. For instance, if you take a language with listening test, you will need a CD player. You are also allowed to use a calculator for both math tests, but be sure to make sure your brand and type is permitted. Also pay attention to materials you’re not allowed to bring. For example, you can’t use a calculator for Physics. Like the SAT, subject tests are scored on a 200-800 scale, with your percentile corresponding to a score between 200-800. You will also see your subscores, which are scaled between 20-80, for language with listening tests. All questions are multiple choice, and you lose a portion of a point for an incorrect answer. You do not lose credit for questions you do not answer. To learn more about scoring protocols, read CollegeBoard’s page, How SAT Subject Tests Are Scored . SAT subject tests are a great way to demonstrate your knowledge of certain areas and your strengths in the classroom. Even if the schools to which you are applying don’t require subject tests, they can still strengthen your application, and may help you receive credit or higher placement at some colleges. If you choose to take SAT subject tests, make sure to do your research and become familiar with the materials you need to know beforehand. Be sure to use the resources available to you to ensure you do your best. Looking for some more help for acing the SAT? The SAT Tutoring Program will help you achieve top scores on your test. We’ll pair you with two private tutors, one for reading, English, and writing, and one for math. All of our tutors have scored in the 99th percentile on the section they are teaching and are chosen based on teaching skills and ability to relate to their students.

Family implementation evaluation Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Family implementation evaluation - Assignment Example To curb the growing problem of alcoholism and drunkenness, we developed the following recommendations: The current plan will rely on the ability of the county to promote the fight against drunkenness and smoking among community members. However, the current plan will have a project director who will possess a doctorate in project management or community health. There will also be a project manager with a minimum academic qualification of a bachelor’s degree. Other members of staff will be handpicked by the county and will undergo a three-day training after which they will receive certificates (Edelman, Mandle & Kudzma, 2013). Members of staff will operate from temporal structures, especially tents. The tents will be located in different parts of the county with a special focus on areas  that have  the highest  levels  of drug  abuse and smoking (Edelman, Mandle & Kudzma, 2013). The county will be the primary source of funding with additional funding from contributions. The Kendall County Counselling Center will assume a central role in the delivery of the current family plan to fight the issue of alcoholism and smoking among community members. Social groups such as YMCA and YWCA will also participate in the delivery of the current plan because of their reach and association with community members. The community will be the point of delivery because this plan is centred on creating awareness and discouraging drug abuse (Edelman, Mandle & Kudzma, 2013). The other reason is that the scope of the current plan is beyond family issues, and  the county  lacks the  resources to address individual needs. Program evaluator will receive the outcome data and the information from the above methods will be stored both electronically and on paper. The electronic records will be used for analysis using advanced computer software such as Excel (Edelman, Mandle & Kudzma, 2013). Outcome data

Aerodynamics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Aerodynamics - Essay Example the main topic, the Vortilon, a simple stall prevention device that was developed based on shared experience and is now freely integrated with all new aircraft entering the intensely price and performance-sensitive market. In today’s cutthroat competition between airlines, only those airlines operating the entire gamut of air and ground operations at optimum efficiency will survive. The principal contributor to an airline’s bottom line is the quality of aircraft it operates. The same competition exists between the manufacturers as well, with an identical base criterion, i.e., the quality of aircraft they produce. Essentially, the governing factor is the maximum number of passengers that can be flown the longest distance in one trip with the minimum consumption of expensive aviation fuel in each category of aircraft─ short, medium, long and ultra-long range. â€Å"Every Kg. of basic aircraft weight saved is a million dollars saved over a life span of twenty-five years,† according to Dr. Kota Harinarayan, Project Director, LCA, India, my mentor in aerodynamics (1986) (n.p.). Designing an aircraft and sections thereof take millions of man-hours from the drawing board to first flight to fully operational status. Aircraft have to be sleek and light, its surfaces as smooth as a baby’s skin, no unwanted drag creating protrusions, etc. Everything is centered about minimum weight, minimum drag and optimal use of CAD/CAM in the field of aerodynamics to extract maximum lift at minimum engine thrust in flight, with highest passenger density. Any aerodynamic innovation is most welcome. I do not propose to look at ground operations like ticketing, loading, salaries, etc. That leaves only the aircraft. Here, there are two factors to be considered, the engine and the airframe. Since this Paper is specifically aimed at an aerodynamic concept, I will discuss engines only in brief. NASA (2008) describes four propulsion systems: The Propeller, the Ramjet, the Rocket and

Tradition and Continuity Essay Example for Free

Tradition and Continuity Essay Why, and to what extent, have conservatives been committed to tradition and continuity? Conservatism was a reaction to all other ideologies. It believed in conserving the best of the past and governing society with reform, not revolution. In the French revolution there was a lot of uncertainty because people did not know what to do afterward and they ended up in a worse position then they were before. Conservatives believe that humans are; psychologically imperfect, which means that we are security seeking creatures who dislike change. They believe we are intellectually imperfect which means we are incapable of acting rationally and are very instinctive. They believe we are morally imperfect which means we are born sinful and conservatists have a profound scepticism about our natural goodness. Conservatives have always been committed to tradition, ever since Toryism was first formed. They only believe in slow change which relates to peoples changing views and opinions like the English Legal System. Because they believe we are psychologically imperfect, they don’t want us to undergo any uncertainty whatsoever and so they dislike revolution because even though people may have a ‘better’ idea of how things should work, it has not yet had the test of time and so there is no need for risk. Conservatives believe society is like a living organism i.e. a tree, so it needs to reach out to both the past and the future and cannot be severed from its roots to survive. Since individuals lack wisdom, tradition is a better test of goodness and virtue, as Edmund Burke said, ‘the accumulated wisdom of the ages as the heritage of society is the best source of virtue and goodness’. Conservatists are pragmatic, which fits into their commitment for continuity, they are not opposed to change, but question it and only accepts slow, specific, evolutionary change. Conservatists preserve the best and change what is essential. Tories changed to Conservatories because they needed to accept limited change to prevent greater change. This is why they accepted the extension of the franchise ‘the right to vote’ and the rise of the welfare state to forestall more radical demands. Conservatism is not trying to go backwards ore forwards, but rather to preserve the status quo. This means it is not trying to create a utopian society like Liberalism, Socialism and Anarchism. Conservatists believe that human nature is not a constant, but ever changing as the nature of society changes and therefore have criticised all other ideologies on the grounds that they have been based on a fixed view of human nature. Classic Liberalism had an ideology with a fixed view of human nature and believed in Laissez-faire economics where the private companies would control the economy and help it to grow, but in the industrial revolution, they saw that capitalists took advantage of the workers and so modern liberalism was born, this shows that Conservatives have a better knowledge of human nature than the liberals do. Conservatists do not like abstract theory and the intellectual approach to politics. It believes in an un-codified constitution which can evolve through time like the UK constitution. It acts on the basis of concrete observation, circumstances and past events, rather than a theory. In conclusion the extent that Conservatism has been committed to tradition and continuity is very high because the whole point of conservatism is to preserve and in the early days of Toryism, they wanted to keep things exactly the way they were, this is why people call them the party for the rich because in the early days, the aristocrats and land owners had the power. Tories had to become Conservatists to cope with the ever-society and to prevent revolution like in France they had to give in to some democratic demands. Conservatists do not believe in the majority having a say, because what the majority want is not always right for the nation, this is where paternalism comes in so that the relationship between the state and its people is like parents and their children, it may not always seem right or fair, but in the long run it is what’s best for the Country. Conservatists want to continue the way things run so that society moves on and is not in a stand still place, where people become uncertain about how the Country will be governed, or if other Countries will see this as a chance to attack. A tree is not taken out of its roots and continued growing.

Housing and Urban Development: Family Homelessness Essay -- Homeless

Introduction Families now comprise a major segment of the homeless population. According to the Department of Housing and Urban Development’s 2013 Annual Homeless Assessment Report, 222,197 people in families were homeless on a single night in 2013, accounting for 36 percent of all homeless people counted. This condition has been considered as a problem in this country. However, from social constructionist perspective, it is socially constructed by members in its society rather than an objective condition. This paper provides the process of family homelessness problem being socially constructed since the 1970s and discusses how policy solutions was framed throughout the process. Social Construction of Family Homelessness Hidden Stage. Homelessness in the United States has always existed, without interruption. Assistance to homeless population was provided along with assistance offered low-income people before the 20th century, almost entirely delivered by charity and faith-based organizations (Leginski, 2007). However, homelessness did not come to the public’s attention as a national issue until the 1970s and 1980s because to be homeless meant primarily living without the social relations—spouses, parents, or children—before the 1970s (Bagalman et al, 2013). Specifically, the condition of homelessness was slept at night in the cheap accommodations available on skid rows rather than sleeping in public places that people did not have to see them (Rochefort, & Cobb, 1992; Rossi, 1994). On the other hand, researches conducted during the 1950s and 1960s on homelessness issue contain no mention of homeless families. Bagalman et al. (2013) point out that it was because social researchers defined the homeless as â€Å"familyless† ... ...hensive, integrated, and long-term solution (Rochefort & Cobb, 1992) that was also interpreted in the policy product—Stewart B. McKinney Homeless Assistance Act of 1987. Works Cited Cronley, C. (2010). Unraveling the social construction of homelessness. Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment, 20(2), 319-333. Gulati, P. (1992). Ideology. Public Policy and Homeless Families. J. Soc. & Soc. Welfare, 19, 113. Rochefort, D. A., & Cobb, R. W. (1992). Framing and claiming the homelessness problem. New England Journal of Public Policy, 8(1), 5. Rog, D. J., & Buckner, J. C. (2007, September). 5-homeless families and children. In Toward Understanding Homelessness: The 2007 National Symposium (Vol. 4). Shinn, M. B., Rog, D. R., & Culhane, D. P. (2005). Family homelessness: Background research findings and policy options. Departmental Papers (SPP).

Go To Meeting

Given the situation and assuming that the use of the supervisor’s login credentials to host the GoToMeeting violates the GoToMeeting license, still the employer is not liable or did not commit an offense under the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act. In this case, the employee was given a log-in credentials which WebEx issued to the supervisor. There was an express instruction to use the credentials from the company-issued desktop computer.The employee is under obligation to follow or obey the order of his superior, the company’s supervisor. Accordingly, the order or instruction of the supervisor was that anyone in the company can use the login credentials for that web application. This was the express instructions by the supervisor to the employee, to use the credentials from the company-issued desktop computer.In this case, the files were already in the computer of the company whereas in the Therapeutic Research Faculty case there was an express prohibition or limitation to access the site to obtain the information from any protected computer because defendant NBTY chose the first type of subscription that is for annual single user that limits access to one and only one person either accessing information for personal use or for the benefit of an individual patient or as part of an educational exercise.The Computer Fraud and Abuse Act is not applicable in this situation because the Act deals with the intentional felony, that is by knowingly and intentionally committing the offense and causing damage to the conduct that involves an interstate or foreign communication. Nothing is mentioned in this case.Primarily, the concern of the Statute is more on the protection of the employee against the employer who will make, adopt, or enforce any rule, regulation or policy, as well as the retaliation of an employer to the employee whenever the latter discloses information to the government or law enforcing agency if the employee has reasonable cause to believe th at the information discloses a violation of a state or federal law, rule or regulation.Therefore, the Illinois Whistleblower Statute has no application in this case. References: Therapeutic Research Faculty v. NBTY, Inc. , Rexall Sundown, Inc. , and LE NATURISTE J. M. B. Inc. Computer Fraud and Abuse Act. Retrieved from Cornell Law School. Web site: http:/www4. law. cornell. edu/uscode/html/uscode18 Illinois Whistleblower Statute. Retrieved from Illimois General Assembly. Web site: www. ilga. gov/legislation/billstatus. asp

Little Drummer Kid Essay

Back when I was a child I never asked for much. I never had much of an interest in toys and spent most of my time alone. Even at the age of 8 I was a deep thinker, always questioning why things happen the way they do. I was constantly observing the world around me as if I was on the outside. I learned to appreciate silence at such a young age and didn’t speak much. I only spoke when I was spoken to, and even then I’d give a short response. I felt like I had so much to say but never found the right way to say it. I never found my voice until my eighth birthday when I had received a present that would forever change my life and give me a voice. My parents knew that I had a deep interest in music, heavy metal in particular, and would often catch me outside pretending to play drums with small twigs as drumsticks and various sized rocks for drums. My stepfather was a singer and he played in bands all the time so I was used to seeing musical instruments and recording equipmen t throughout the house. I used to tell my mom that I wanted to be a talented drummer someday so I could be in a band with my stepfather. For about three months my mom kept hinting that if I was good, went to school, and made sure I was always cleaning up after myself that I would get a special present on my birthday. So along comes my birthday and we pull up to my grandmother’s house, which is where all my birthday parties were, and I can see all the Halloween decorations that she had made herself. My birthday is on October 28th so we always had Halloween parties for my birthday. My whole family would dress up in whatever they want, my grandmother would decorate the living room and kitchen with various creepy Halloween Jack o lanterns, fake spiders hanging from the ceiling which was made to look like a giant spider web, and the infamous electronic bat that she would hang on the ceiling fan so it looked like it was flying around in circles. The bat would often fly off the fan and hit someone in the head or get in someone’s food. It was something that everybody would be afraid to admit they actually enjoy. Even though it’s dangerous, everyone would burst  out laughing and start talking about how they knew it would happen eventually. I don’t remember too much about the actual party and I really can’t recall what presents I had gotten from other family members. All that was on my mind was what my mom had said 3 months prior. I made sure I was doing well in school, made my bed every morning and washed my dishes after I would eat. I was trying my best to be a good boy so I could get that â€Å"special present† that my mom had told me about. The party was slowing down and everyone was leaving so I got to say goodbye to everyone but I was pretty upset and let down. I got many gifts but none were what I actually wanted: a drum set. My parents and I were getting ready to leave and my excitement from the day had quickly faded. I just sulked around for the last few minutes while my mom packed up all my stuff and said goodbye to my grandmother. My mom looked at me while we were walking to the car and said, â€Å"Joey, don’t look so sad. There’s one more gift waiting for you at home. It w as too big to bring to your grandmas.† She had a big smile on her face and in that moment I knew exactly what she was talking about. Upon arriving at home I ran out of the car, up the stairs, and waited impatiently for my parents to hurry up and unlock the front door. They yelled to me, â€Å"Don’t you want your gifts out of the trunk before we go inside?† I truly didn’t care about those other gifts, so I just stood where I was and waited, bouncing up and down with a huge grin on my face. My mom came and unlocked the door quickly because she knew what I was waiting for. As soon as we went inside I ran off like a little maniac, running through the entire house, looking for a drum set. My mother seemed to be in shock. Normally I was a quiet and composed kid, but here I was running around, screaming, and she didn’t know what to do. As I ran by her for about the fifth time, she grabbed my arm and told me to relax and she would show me my present. She said it was in the basement but she wanted me to walk slowly with her so I didn’t fall down the stairs. We went down and at the bottom was this big thing covered with a giant sheet. I knew I had gotten what I’ve been wanting: A drum set. When I had first looked at it I was in complete amazement. This wasn’t a child sized drum set, which I’ve seen in music magazines. I was already big for my age so my parents didn’t want to buy something for me that I would grow out of quickly. So they decided to buy me a $2500 7-piece Pearl drum set. It was huge! My entire body at the time could have fit inside the floor  toms and the bass drums. I fell in love with it as soon as I saw it. It was painted all white and the drumheads were clear so I could see the inside of each drum. I remember staring in amazement just looking at the wood on the inside wondering how they get it to bend so perfectly into the shape of a circle. The first few moments looking at the drums are the fondest memories I have of my childhood. The way the light gleamed off of the shiny gold cymbals was mesmerizing and the smell of the wood was so strong that it had imagined the entire drum set being cut from trees and put together all in my basement just for me. A feeling of stillness and calm washed over me like a tide. For the first time in my life, even at that young age, I had felt fully at peace. It’s almost indescribable how intense this experience was. Before I had even picked up the drumsticks, I knew I had found my calling. It was late in the night and I understood that I wouldn’t be able to play right then and there, but I knew that I was going to start playing bright and early the next morning. That night I had sat up in my room and listened to almost every cd I had, trying to pay attention to the drum parts that I wanted to try and play. Before I knew it, the sun was up and I was ready to play drums for the first time. I decided to wait until my mom woke up before I would startle her out of bed with the loud crashing of cymbals. As soon as she woke up and came out of her room, she saw me sitting quietly at the kitchen table. She knew what I was waiting for and simple said, â€Å"Go ahead.† I had ran down the stairs so quickly that I think my feet only touched 2 steps. I finally picked up the drumsticks and sat down behind the entire drum set and looked out to the objects in the room like random boxes, chairs, and stuff that was down there for storage and pretended that they were all people and I was a rock star playing in front of a huge crowd. I didn’t waste any time and stated swinging the sticks. I had finally found my voice: through music. I seemed to have a natural talent and playing what I felt was easy for me from then on. I played my emotions and spoke my mind through that drum set. It made me feel so much more significant in the world. Playing drums is the most empowering thing I’ve ever found in my life. To this day I still play drums. I’ve been in about a dozen local bands and have played around 100 shows in Massachusetts and New Hampshire. Though I currently do not play in bands, I still love playing for myself. It’s the most therapeutic thing for me. It channels all of my sadness,  anger, joy, and empathy into a form of art. It’s a healthy outlet for me especially with so many stressors in my life. I need drums in my life to help me deal with certain struggles. Even at my darkest times, my drums and all of my music have been right there with me and help me persevere through any obstacle that comes my way. I’m a drummer and that’s all I ever wanted. Even if I am never famous, I’m still content with everything I continue to create for myself.

A Writer Lept to a Wrong Conclusion

A Writer Lept to a Wrong Conclusion A Writer Lept to a Wrong Conclusion A Writer Lept to a Wrong Conclusion By Mark Nichol While reading an otherwise well-written and well-edited book, I was bemused to note that the number of high school students in the United States had â€Å"lept† from one total to another over a given span of years. How was it, I wondered, that the fact that lept is not a word escape a writer, a developmental editor, a copy editor, and a proofreader (assuming that the manuscript benefited from perusal by each of these agents) not to mention a spell-checking program? It’s easy enough for a writer to be mistaken about the validity of such a word. Leapt is a variant of leaped (more commonly used in British English than in American English, but gaining in popularity on this side of the Pond), but the writer can be forgiven for assuming that just as the past tense of creep is crept and those of keep, sleep, sweep, and weep are kept, slept, swept, and wept, leap takes a past-tense leap to lept. (Creeped is not a word, except informally to refer to being creeped out, the sensation of being disturbed by someone or something thought to be creepy, and keeped, sleeped, sweeped, and weeped are likewise nonwords, though the last two mutations sometimes sneak past editors.) A moment’s thought, however, will make it clear to the writer that this progression (or is it a regression?) is not universal: The past-tense forms of beep, peep, and seep are beeped, peeped, and seeped, rather than bept, pept, and sept. (That last word is valid as a noun meaning â€Å"clan† or â€Å"branch of a family.†) More significantly, though, words identical to leap in spelling as well as sound form past tenses of heaped and reaped, not hept and rept. English is full of challenging inconsistencies of spelling and pronunciation: Compare the present and past tenses of read identical in appearance but not in sound and note the difference in tense transformation for head (headed) and lead (led), not to mention the fact that the present-tense forms are pronounced differently. These idiosyncrasies make it all the more important for even native speakers and writers including those with decades of experience to consider the consequences of less-than-stringent vigilance: Nobody else may notice your mistake, either until I pick up the published book and write a post about it. To help you maintain a high standard of diligence, remember this hypothetical penalty (one that I should post a notice about in my office): Pretend that spelling and other mechanical errors are a capital crime, and see what this imaginary impetus does for your motivation to avoid them. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Comma After i.e. and e.g.Among vs. AmongstComma Before Too?

Is there any connection between terrorism and religion Research Paper

Is there any connection between terrorism and religion - Research Paper Example The aim of this paper is to establish that no religion of the world advocates violence and terrorism, and that there is no connection between the act of terrorism and religion, regardless of what the media or the authorities might have the masses believe. Generally, there are two schools of thought among the population: those who believe that it is religion that spreads ill will among people, and therefore, the only solution is to eradicate the concept of religion in order to attain world peace; and those, although in minority, rightly understand that religion of any kind has no relation with the spread of terrorism, and therefore, the only solution to a stable society is religious tolerance and social education (Shattuck, 2008). To assume that religion is at the foundation of rebellion and terrorism, and hence, to fight against any religious activity, is an effort in the wrong direction. Belief, of whatever kind, is at the core of human existence (Shattuck, 2008); it is imperative that man would believe in and submit to a higher power, regardless of the nature or identity of that power. It is, therefore, impossible to strip mankind of this fundamental concept and act, as it is ingrained in the very nature of man (Shattuck, 2008). It is, moreover, for this very reason, extremely easy for the miscreants to motivate people on religious grounds, as religion is often a sensitive and volatile issue (Shattuck, 2008). By presenting a twisted and wrongful picture of religion, and by misinterpreting the religious text, the terrorists have been able to recruit many young people, especially young males, into their ranks (Hassan, 2009). The fact that it is

Entrepreneur and New Product Development - Case Study Analysis Essay

Entrepreneur and New Product Development - Case Study Analysis - Essay Example Many entrepreneurs have benefited from exceptional product design and expert financial and legal advice, built a stable and profitable business that can succeed in any business environment but have failed due to wrong planning of the time to may be launching the new product in the market. Many spend much time and emphasis in the plan on the strength of the management team they have recruited, the attractive financials and how wonderful the product or service is, than on how to use the strategy to enter the market and continue to penetrate the market over time. Most find themselves trapped in financial, personal and social tensions. With the advent of technology, the world has turned more global and is fast becoming a global village. Entrepreneurs too are not left out as most Australian companies are increasingly investing abroad. Their faith abroad is often very uncertain as they do not know the exact conditions and competitors they will meet, what patterns are customer demands and many issues. Normally, investing abroad has constrains due to the uncertain market. These problems are usually at different levels such as political environment, socio-economic environment, demographic environment, legal environment, and economic environment. 2.1. Political environment: Investing in a politically unstable environment is often hard to determine what may happen to the business. May be the image of the leader in power may be a stumbling block to your business as the image of the goods and services you produce may be looked at differently. Even on the domestic market of the country may be a particular problem. Take the simple case of Santa Teresa investing in Venezuela. Going by the words of the writer, supporters of Chavez should have thought that Mr. Vollmers was just the kind of person they see in their president. This situation may lead to tensions between customers and even lost of market position to competitors. Like

Introduction to Communication-Positive Responses to Relational Personal Statement

Introduction to Communication-Positive Responses to Relational Conflicts-discussion - Personal Statement Example I would lash out, and this led to verbal conflict towards my workmates. The whole situation led to decreased productivity, and it got the attention of the manager. In any workplace, healthy environments lead to empowered employees, and lack of that leads to decreased productivity (Daudelin, 38). Healthy environments ensure that there is mutual respect between the manager and the employee as well as between the employees (Daudelin, 38). In this situation, the manager decided to take a collaborative approach by having a sit-down with members of the team and addressing the issues. Understanding this situation makes the issues clear and coherent (Daudelin, 40). The manager addressed the issue of how tasks assignment in the workplace, and embarked on making changes that ensured that these tasks were equal. The issue was solved the issue in this

General Essay on Chinese Religions Essay Example for Free

General Essay on Chinese Religions Essay Early Chinese religion belongs to the mythical and prehistoric period. Tradition speaks of the origins of Chinese culture lying in the 3rd millennium BCE with the Hsia dynasty. As of yet no historical evidence has been found for such a dynasty; all references to it are mythical. It is only with the Shang dynasty, which is traditionally dated from 1766 to 1122 BCE, that we find evidence of a developing culture and religious practices. The religion of the Shang was principally characterised by the use of oracle bones for divination and the development of the cult of ancestors. It was believed that the cracks that resulted from burning ox bones or tortoise shells represented messages sent from the gods about a variety of matters such as illness, the weather or hunting. Belief in deities and the practice of the worship of ancestors has persisted in Chinese life, and has come to form the basis of what has broadly been termed popular religion. Popular religion in fact represents a mixture of early religion and elements of the three great religions: Buddhism, Confucianism and Taoism. At the heart of popular religion is the worship of deities and veneration of ancestors at shrines in the home or temples. There are many deities associated with this form of religion, but the best known are Shang Ti, the supreme ruler of heaven, and Kuan Yin, the goddess of mercy and protector of women and children. In the Chou dynasty a more structured form of religion developed. This is associated with the teaching of Kung-Fu Tzu (551-479 BCE), whose Latinised name is Confucius. Confucius sought to establish a socio-political ethical system, with theological beliefs concerned with human destiny and the conduct of human relationships in society, based on a belief in the goodness of human nature. He believed in a providential Heaven (Tien) and in prayer which encouraged him in his mission. He emphasised the five relationships namely, Father-Son; Ruler-Subject; Husband-Wife; eldest son to brothers; friend and friend to be expressed by li (correct ceremony) to bring he (harmony). Such relationships were rooted in family piety which came to give a prominent place to Ancestor Worship and to respect for deified men, which came to find expression in the Sacrifices of the State religion. The Confucian canon can be divided into two parts: the Five Classics and the Four Books. The Five Classics were handed down from earlier times and emphasised by Confucius. These are the Book of Odes; the Book of History; the Book of Rites; the Book of Divination; and the Spring and Autumn Annals. The Four Books consist of The Analects (Conversations of Confucius); the Doctrine of the Mean; The Great Learning; and the Book of Mencius. Out of the teachings of Confucius emerged various schools associated with a master. Notable was the work of Meng-Tzu (c. 371-c. 289 BCE) and Hsun-Tzu (300-230 BCE). Meng-Tzu and Hsun-Tzu formed rival schools whose doctrinal differences were based in a fundamentally different conception of human nature. Meng-Tzu taught that people were fundamentally good and that what made them bad was their environment. Consequently, Meng-Tzu emphasised the importance of education as a means for bringing out the innate goodness of people. By way of contrast, Hsun-Tzu had a more pessimistic view of human nature. Hsun-Tzu taught that people were inherently evil, and that they could only be taught to be good through training. He also was religiously sceptical, teaching that religious ritual had no purpose except to provide moral training. It was this negative attitude towards religion that was one of the main factors behind the subsequent rejection of the teachings of Hsun-Tzu by mainstream Confucianism and the establishment of Meng-Tzus teachings as orthodox. At the same time that Confucianism was developing, two rival schools were active in China: the Mohists and the Legalists. Mohism was founded by Mo Tzu (c. 470-390 BCE). Mo Tzu advocated universal love and opposed the elaborate and expensive rituals that defined Chinese religious life. This put him at odds with Confucianism in that Confucianism advocated particular love for ones parents as well as the importance of ritual for interpersonal relations. Although during the 4th century Mohism was strong enough to rival Confucianism, it went into decline in the 3rd century, and by the time of the unification of China in 221 had virtually disappeared. It is unclear why the tradition declined so quickly. Legalism is more of a political philosophy than a religion. The various strands of legalist doctrine were systematised by Han Fei Tzu (d. 233 BCE). Han Fei Tzu had been taught by Hsun Tzu and adopted his pessimistic attitude to human nature. Unlike Hsun Tzu, Han Fei Tzu did not believe that people could be reformed, advocating instead a strong, even ruthless, form of government that could control human behaviour. Legalist principles were put into effect by the Chin dynasty, which unified China in 221 BCE, and was subsequently overthrown in 207 BCE. The brief rule of the Chin had a devastating impact on Confucianism, whose scholars it persecuted and whose books it destroyed. Fortunately for the tradition, Confucianism received official acceptance of the Han dynasty and flourished during the Han period. Under the Han dynasty (206 BCE 220CE), the Tang dynasty (618-907 CE), and the Sung dynasty (960-1127CE) Confucian teaching was used for public examinations. In 631 CE the Confucian canon was made the sole subject for the examination of aspirants to official positions, so Confucianism came to be known as Ju-chiao, the Doctrine of the learned. During the Sung dynasty (960-1126 CE) Neo-Confucianism emerged as a distinct movement in response to Taoism and Buddhism. Two traditions of Neo-Confucian thought emerged: the School of Principle, represented by Chu Hsi (1130-1200), and the School of Mind, represented by Lu Chiu Yuan (1139-1193) and, later, Wang Yang Ming (1472-1529). Chu Hsi sought to provide a metaphysical explanation of the nature of reality as well as an ethic for human conduct. For Chu Hsi the basis of all reality was the Supreme Ultimate (Tai Chi). In order for people to live properly they had to purify their chi (vital energy) through taming their desires so that they could be united with the Supreme Ultimate. In reaction to Chu Hsis dualistic perception of reality Lu Chiu Yuan presented a monistic picture of the universe. He claimed that the universe and the mind are one. Therefore, through understanding ones own mind one could understand the nature of the cosmos. This was developed by Wang Yang-ming. Wang Yang-ming believed that individuals could perfect themselves through moral self-cultivation. This involved returning to an original mind whose principal quality was love (jen). Also of ancient origin is Taoism whose classic text, the Tao Te Ching, is attributed to a supposed contemporary of Confucius (551-479), Lao Tzu. This text has had many interpreters whose works have developed in various sects, some of which have been very influential. There are two streams of Taoism: Religious Taoism, which is represented by the many sects concerned with the quest for immortality, and Philosophical Taoism, which was concerned to explain the human condition. The major imported religion is Mahayana Buddhism which is believed to have entered China in the 1st century BCE. An important early Buddhist teacher was An Shih Kao who founded what came to be known as the Dhyana School, characterised by its emphasis on meditation. Another major early school was the Prajna school whose doctrines were based on the interpretation of the Perfection of Wisdom (Prajnaparamita). It was, however, between the 5th and 8th centuries that Buddhist schools flourished and developed in China. Schools that were active at this time were: San-Lun, Ching-tu, Tien-tai, Chan, Chu-she, Hua-yen, Lu, San-chieh, Fa-hsiang and Chen-yen. The great persecution of Buddhism in the middle of the 9th century led to its rapid decline, and by the time of the Sung dynasty only the Chan and Ching-tu schools remained significant. Incursions from the West began at an early date, mainly in regard to trade and commerce from Arabia and India, probably to Canton or Hangchow. Infiltration of a different kind took place under the Mongols (1260-1368), when the armies of Ghengis Khan spread westwards over countries occupied by the Muslims. The records of the Yuan dynasty indicate that many distinguished officials (both military and civil) were Muslims, bringing with them knowledge of Arabic science known to Kublai Khan and the use of catapults in siege warfare. In Ming times Arabic books on science came into the Imperial library. After the Mongol period, no great influx of Muslims took place, but they spread into most provinces of China, especially in the north-west and west (the provinces of Kansu, Szechwan and Yunnan) and in the north-east (in Manchuria and Hipei). They mainly live in their own communities in their mosques and schools. Their first mosque appears to have been built in Sian in 742. Another group attracted by commerce were the Jews who traded across Central Asia, during the Tang dynasty (618-907), whose communities have mainly been along the sea board in cities such as Shanghai and Canton. The earliest evidence we have of a Jewish community in China derives from a letter written in the 8th century by a Jewish merchant I China. By the 9th century there was a distinct Jewish community in Kaifung, its continued presence evidenced by the construction of a synagogue in the city in 1163. From the 15th century onwards the Jews became increasingly integrated into Chinese life to the extent that by the 19th century the community had all but lost its distinctive identity. As a result of the western colonialism of China in the 19th century and the establishment of new trading contacts with Europe Jews settled in some of the major cities of China. Christianity came to China first by the way of Nestorian Christians, after the arrival of A-Lo-Pen in 781 where it flourished for two centuries (by favour of the imperial court) until the reign of Wu Tsung who closed the monasteries and persecuted the church. It flourished again under Mongol rule in the 13th century, and in 1289 Kublai Khan established an office for the supervision of Christians. At about this time the Roman Catholic Church came to the Mongol empire, when a Franciscan monk came to the Khans court of Kharatorui in 1246. Shortly after that St Louis of France sent an embassy, followed by Marco Polo in 1275; a request from Kublai Khan for a hundred teachers did not, however, bear fruit apart from a small Franciscan mission led by John of Monterovino, who was appointed Archbishop in Cantilec in 1289, and under him three bishops were appointed. Then in the 16th century the Society of Jesus became very active in China inspired by the work of Francis Xavier who had preached in India and Japan. Matteo Ricci came to Canton in 1610 and then to Peking, where he founded a Christian community and gained prominence as an outstanding astronomer. From that time the Roman Catholic Church has continued despite periods of persecution. Protestant missions date from 1807 with W. Morrisons arrival in Canton for the London Missionary Society. Other missions soon followed with the Presbyterians in 1847, the Anglicans in 1849 and the Methodists in 1850. Also prominent have been the China Inland Mission, under Hudson Taylor an interdenominational missionary society. In the twentieth century house churches have been prominent, often associated with such evangelists as Watchman Key. These Protestant activists have contributed greatly to educational and medical developments as well as political and social influences from the West; these were often backed by military force and, therefore, deeply resented. Recent changes under Communist influence, led by Mao, have been profound, strengthening agnostic tendencies for many in the population. Traditional religious practices are still continued in many homes in China and among overseas Chinese. In recent times relaxation of restriction has given fresh opportunity for religious activity. Many Taoist and Buddhist temples, as well as mosques and churches, are being renovated and reopened. Greater openness to the West has been accompanied by renewed conversion to Christianity; the demise of communism has encouraged the rediscovery of traditional religious values. Taiwan has provided an important haven for traditional Chinese religions, as well as the establishment of new religions, since the Nationalist government established itself on the island in 1949. A number of syncretic movements such as San-I-Chiao (Three in One Religion), were suppressed in China following the Communist victory, but have found a haven in Taiwan. Other interesting traditions that have been transplanted to Taiwan are those which are collectively designated the Hsien Tien Tao (Way of Former Heaven sects). Five of the best known of these are the I-kuan Tao, the Tung shan She, the Tien-te Shang-chiao, the the Tao-yuan, and the Tzu-hui Tang. These are characterised by a belief in a creator deity (usually a cosmic Mother figure) from whom humanity has strayed. These sects also claim to transcend all other religions and, therefore, provide a way by which all these religions can be united. All but one (the Tzu-hui Tang) were founded in mailand China, later moving to Taiwan. The Tzu-hui Tang was itself founded in Taiwn in 1949. Also originating from the mainland are the spirit-writing cults. These are cults which derive religious beliefs and practices from a deity mediating through an entranced medium. The practice of spirit writing has been a part of Chinese life probably since the Tang dynasty (618-907). In the 19th century a spirit-writing movement developed in China and entered Taiwan in the same century. This continues to be part of the Taiwanese religious landscape to the present day. There are, of course, a number of recently emerged distinctively Taiwanese movements. Xuan Yuan Jiao (Religion of the Yellow Emperor) was founded in Taiwan in 1957. Xuan Yuan Jiao represents the attempt to recapture the spirit of pre-Han Chinese religion through incorporating Taoist, Confucianist and Mohist teachings and interpreting these as emanating from a tradition that derives from the Yellow Emperor. The religion is highly political in character since its purpose is to revive Chinas national spirit following the loss of the mainland to communism. Buddhism continues to flourish in Taiwan. Following the Communist victory in mainland China in 1949 a further wave of Buddhist monks arrived in Taiwan from the mainland. This has strengthened the presence of Chinese Mahayana Buddhism in the island and influenced the character of earlier traditions. Since 1950 the Buddhist Association of the Republic of China has been the focal point of Taiwanese Buddhism. This is responsible for ordination ceremonies for Buddhist monks, nuns and lay people. In more recent years Taiwanese Buddhism has adopted a more missionary approach both within Taiwan and abroad, particularly in North America. In the 1960s two important Buddhist organizations emerged: the Tzu Chi Compassion Relief Foundation and Fo Kuang Shan. The first of these was founded in 1966 by a self-ordained nun named Cheng-yen. This organization has sought to introduce a strong degree of social concern into Taiwanese Buddhism. Fo Kuang Shans origins can be dated to 1967 when when a Chinese monk, the Ven. Hsing-yun, opened a temple at Fo Kuang Shan in Southern Taiwan. Like the Tzu Chi Compassion Relief Foundation, Fo Kuang Shan emphasizes social action as a means to promote Buddhist values. More recently, Ling Jiao Shan in the north of Taiwan has become a centre of Buddhist activity. Founded by Master Hsin Tao, Ling Jiao Shan has acquired prominence within Taiwan and beyond on account of its establishment of a museum of world religions with branches in Taiwan and the United States.

Evaluation Of Hrm Policies In Nestle Management Essay

Evaluation Of Hrm Policies In Nestle Management Essay Bob Kane, John Crawford and David Grant (1999) research discussed the effectiveness of HRM policies in Australian and New Zealand organizations. The authors had highlighted that HRM effectiveness could be achieved through soft and hard approaches. They had also identified the barriers to effective implementation of HRM policies. The first barriers as identified in the research paper were the low priority of top management towards HRM issues as they focused towards power and control. Second barrier as explained was the competencies of HR personnel to implement a credible HRM programs within the organization. Third barrier concerned the lack of knowledge about the long term impact of effective HRM programs. This study specifically focused on problems or barriers which had a negative impact on HRM effectiveness. For that purpose, researchers gathered responses from managers, employees and HR staff. They measured respondents perception of both hard and soft approaches which had been practiced in various organization. Researchers floated questioners that targeted managers, employees and HR personnel of organization of Australia , New Zealand, USA, UK and Canada. The questionnaire consisted of 42 questions. A total 702 respondents completed the questionnaires. The result indicated that employees and managers were not satisfied with HR personnel as their policies were not effective in order to improve the employee motivation, satisfaction and commitment. The research concludes that HRM polices can be achieved through soft and hard HRM approaches however companies have failed to successfully implement HRM policies due to lack of the support of companys top level management and inadequate and incompetent HRM staff. The researchers defined soft HRM approach as employee motivation, commitment and development. This approach plays a significant role in a business to create a work environment where employees work efficiently for the company. Employees can enhance their skills through trainings and commitment which creates a competent workforce. This workforce allows the companies to enjoy competitive advantage over its rivals. Another approach as identified in the paper is HARD HRM approach also known as strategic HRM. This approach of the view that HRM effectiveness can be achieved through implementation of cost reducing measures in human resources. Tanuja Agarwala (2002) in his research paper the author had studied the factors which had changed the trends in Human Resource Practices. Rapid change in technology had brought innovation in the human resource activities (r recruitment, selection, training, appraisals etc). The study also highlighted organizational effects and employees outcomes which were directly inclined to creative HR practices. This study focused on the growing trends of Human Resource Management. It also focused on outcomes by appling innovative HR policies within the organization. Tanuja Agarwala (2002) conducted in-depth interviews to understand the emerging trends of innovation in human resource management. A total of 21 in-depth interviews were conducted with private sector organization and public sector organizations. The entire experts believed that innovation in HRM had brought positive changes in organizations as it increased the skills and commitment of the employees. He also stated that people were organizations precious assets and innovative human resource policies would increase the skills of the employees. The variables and their relationships deduced were most significant for my research. Innovative HR practices (recruitment, selection, testing, training, appraisals) directly influences the overall organizational climate. It also has an impact on employees performance, attitude and his knowledge and skills. These practices also had an impact on the organizational productivity, employee turnover and financial performance. R.S. Dwivedi (2001) study highlighted the key competencies required for selection and training and development of key managers. The three competencies as indentified by the author were interpersonal communication skills, leadership skills and motivational skills. The research was conducted on 106 successful managers of Indian organization. This study focused to identify the interpersonal communication styles of successful managers, transformational or transactional leadership among managers and the factors which motivate people at work. It also intended to identify the key competencies required to make HRM decision in Indian organizations. The author deduced that consultative communication style was considered more feasible then despotic style. Moreover mostly managers in the sample were equipped with transformational leadership which enables the strengthening of the organization. The author also identifies that employees could be motivated by satisfying their needs and wants. Thus these competencies as identified in the paper were significant for my research and they can be sued as a key to make critical HR decisions. Marcel Van Marrewijk and Jonna Timmers(2003) in addition to human resource management introduced a new approach called Human capital management. Human capital management stressed on alignment between individual and organization as it is the key to successful management. The authors highlight that human resource management only deals with recruitment, retention and rousing the workforce. However it doesnt play an important role in order to bring motivation and commitment among the employees. On the other hand, the new approach ( HCM) embodied the features of human resource management and provides undiminished values. Human capital management aligned with employees in three domains: Human operations, corporate identity and values and human development with the goals of dedication, commitment and motivation respectively. Therefore human capital management outshines human resource management in every possible way. Mark A. Youndt, Scott A. Snell, James W. Dean, Jr. and David P. Lepak (Aug.1996) research examined two alternative views-universal and contingency- of the human resources (HR) in manufacturing industry. This study was conducted to study determine the degree to which Human resource management policies have an impact on firms overall performance. It also focused to analyze the relationship between human resource management and operational performance of the firm. It also studied the linkages between manufacturing strategies and HR policies and its impact on the overall performance of the firm. It was revealed from the research that contingency approach (human resource management on the basis of cost, quality and flexibility) was better than universal approach. Shaping HR practices according to the organizational strategies was the key for competitive advantage. The results suggested that HR practices intended to foster employees and create an egalitarian work environment positively influence operational performance when matched with quality manufacturing strategies. Thus the notion of HR practices on the basis of cost, quality and flexibility holds significant value for my research. Marianne J. Koch and Rita Gunther McGrath. (1996) deduced that positive and significant effects of labor productivity are found for organizations that utilize more sophisticated human resource planning, recruitment, and selection strategies. The hypothesis of this study were overall human resource sophistication and investment in hiring, human resource planning and employee development will have a positive effect on labor productivity. In this study, labor productivity being the dependent variable was being influenced by independent variables such as investments in human resource planning, hiring and training. Results had shown that investment in human resource management do pay off as workforce becomes more productive and works efficiently to attain the goals of the organization. Research indicated that firms that systematically train and develop their workers are more likely to enjoy the rewards of a more productive workforce than those that do not. Robert Roepke, Ritu Agarwal, Thomas W. Ferratt (2000) case study illustrated how 3M had been able to foster the competencies of IT professionals which in turn turned out to be a competitive advantage for the firm. 3M capitalized its sources and introduced innovative human resource management policies within the organization. The finding of this case study also indicated that investment in improving the leadership capabilities of the employees was essential for success of the firm. Those capabilities can be fostered through trainings and development of the employees, assistance, flexibility and interpersonal understandings. W. Hatch and Jeffrey H. Dyer (2004) also emphasized on investment in human capital in order to have a competitive advantage. It would increase the overall productivity and performance of the firms. The authors also stressed the importance of learning as it was necessary to foster the skills of employees. The hypothesis of this research were: screening tests improve learning through performance, higher human resource education increase learning, and greater investment in human resource field also increases performance. The data was collected through questionnaires and follow-up interviews in different semi-conductors industries of USA, Asia and Europe. Regression analysis was conducted on the data for findings. Results suggested that firms which had practiced proper selection, development and deployment of the employees enjoyed greater productivity and higher returns. Tests like screening tests in the selection process would enable the organization to have a skilled pool of employees as compared to the competitors. Development of the individual skills is essential in manufacturing industry as it enables the firms to achieve the excellence in operations of the firm. Michael Haid (2008) stated that proper implementation of HR practices would increase the commitment and retention of key individuals of organization. Certain HR practices such as manager support, social responsibility and performance appraisal practices would have a positive impact on employees morale as his satisfaction and overall motivation level increased. Michael Haid laid heavy emphasis on managers skills as it was necessary to increase the motivation and commitment level of the employees working under them. Trainings from mentors and coaches would enable employees to foster their competencies and allow the organization to enjoy competitive advantage. The author also stated that organization should be socially responsible as it was necessary for employees determination and commitment towards organization goals. By practicing these policies, employees would be satisfied, committed and found pride in their organization. The employers on the other hand would be able to retain their key employees. Geetanjali Pandit Gupta (2009) in his article discussed his point of view on the importance of HR practices as they played an important role in any industry particularly services. In his article, writer gave suggestion and advisees to Cineplex in order to improve its services in India. He believed that effective HR policies are critical in service sector as there was a direct interaction between customers and employees on multiple touch points. Satisfying the customers were necessary for the company. Choosing the right personnel for the job was a main duty of HR personnel in any organization. Careful recruitment and selection process were required to recruit a skilled workforce. Geetanjali Pandit Gupta (2009) also believed that training of the employees was necessary to improve the skills of the employees working in any service organization. Objectives The basic purpose of this study is to analyze and evaluate the HR programs of Nestle. To identify the strengths and weaknesses of HR programs in Nestle. To study the effectivenss of motivational techniques being used by managers. To recommend innovative HR practices in order to increase the competencies, skills and motivational level of employees. To study the impact of employees competencies on firms performance. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK Hypothesis Testing Employee motivation H0: there is no significant impact of employee motivation on HRM programs H1: there is significant impact of employee motivation on HRM programs Employees commitment H0: there is no significant impact of employees commitment on HRM programs H1: there is significant impact of employees commitment on HRM programs Employee development H0: there is no significant impact of employee development on HRM programs H1: there is significant impact of employee development on HRM programs Technology H0: there is no significant impact of technology on HRM programs H1: there is significant impact of technology on HRM programs organizational productivity H0: there is no significant impact of organizational productivity on HRM programs H1: there is significant impact of organizational productivity on HRM programs employee turnover H0: there is no significant impact of employee turnover on HRM programs H1: there is significant impact of employee turnover on HRM programs financial performance H0: there is no significant impact of financial performance on HRM programs H1: there is significant impact of financial performance on HRM programs leadership skills H0: there is no significant impact of leadership skills on HRM programs H1: there is significant impact of leadership skills on HRM programs