Renewable Energy Cars Reduce Greenhouse Effects - 945 Words

Buying Renewable Energy Cars to Reduce Greenhouse Effects I. Introduction A. How many of you have a car? B. Automobiles are one of most important transportations in our daily lives. C. Because automobiles burn fossil fuels, and release carbon dioxide, which is the main component of greenhouse gas, causing the increasing of global temperature. Automobiles mostly depend on fossil fuels, and there are some barriers for us to change; however, new energy vehicles may be the way out. D. Burning non-renewable energy by automobiles has made a huge contributions of raising global temperature, and it is an unsustainable way. Due to lack of relevant regulations and some technology difficulties, perfect substitutes of petroleum are not being found. However, promoting new energy cars can be a solution. E. Let us first focus on the negative impact of burning fossil fuels. II. Main Point – Problem – burning fossil fuels have already caused huge negative impact on global environment due to the increasing number of automobiles. A. Carbon dioxide is the emission of burning the fossil fuels, and it remains in the atmosphere causing the raising of global temperature. 1. Carbon dioxide exists in the atmosphere as one part of greenhouse gas do trap the radiation from the sun and reheat the earth. According to East Timor Review (2013), â€Å"the planet has reportedly warmed 0.3 °C to 0.6 °C over the last century†. (Page 200) 2. According to the data from Center for ClimateShow MoreRelatedThe Invention Of The Industrial Revolution1204 Words   |  5 Pagesand halocarbons are released. These are known as greenhouse gases. Greenhouse gases trap solar radiation in the earth’s atmosphere and cause the planet to warm. If there were no greenhouse gases in earth’s atmosphere the surface of the planet would freeze at night. Too much green house gas also has negative effects. Venus, the second planet from the sun, is actually warmer than mercury, the closest planet to the sun, due to a runaway greenhouse effect on Venus. The average temperature of the earth’sRead MoreSolutions to the Global Climate Change Essay1389 Words   |  6 PagesGlobal warming has become a world wide issue and an issue that is causing great controversy. It is an increase in the earths atmospheric and oceanic temperatures widely predicted to occur due to an increase in the greenhouse effect resulting especially from p ollution (Dictionary). Global warming is a natural process, but because of increase in certain activities this process is taking a faster and more dangerous route creating global problems. 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TheRead MoreThe Impact of Electric Vehicles on Greenhouse Gas Emissions Essay1627 Words   |  7 PagesThe rising levels of atmospheric greenhouse gases (GHG) caused by the increased use of fossil fuels for energy services—notably transportation, heating, and the generation of electricity—is known to be one of the foremost drivers of climate change. The United States is responsible for one-fourth of the world’s total greenhouse gas emissions, representing only 5% of the world population and it becomes the world’s single largest emitter of atmospheric greenhouse gasses (EPA, 2011) . Since 1970, theRead MoreThe Warming Effect Of Climate Change1536 Words   |  7 Pagesnatural changes were first identified. The idea of the â€Å"greenhouse effect† was also introduced at this time. In simple terms, the greenhouse effect refers to the increase in earth’s temperature due to the radiation absorbed and re-emitted by greenhouse gas molecules, such as Carbon Dioxide. The re-emission by these gas molecules is what causes the planet to warm up, or otherwise known as global warming. Scientists pointed out this warming effect of carbon dioxide in the late 1960’s, though some stillRead MoreThe Effects Of Climate Change On The Environment Essay954 Words   |  4 Pagessolar heat and keeps it from radiating out of the weather. Carbon footprint is a way to evaluate the effect that human actions have on the surroundings through the exhaust of green house gas, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide and chlorofluorocarbon are associated with environment changes and have an effect on the entire atmosphere. Specifically, the more reliant we are on non-renewable energy sources, the larger our carbon footprint is. 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We live hectic and demanding lives and little thought is given about the types of energy resources we have used from the time we wake up to our alarm clocks to the time we lay our head down in our warm cozy bed at night. According to the Energy Information Agency, in 2012, the primary energy consumption in the United States was about

Understanding The Complexities Of Life Education Essay Free Essays

My schooling and college was really of import factor in determining my calling. Excellent classs in board scrutinies, 83 % in 10th class and 82 % in 12th class, ever kept me in top 5 % of the school. Excellent module, which ever focused on the basicss, motivated me to analyze harder and with complete apprehension of the topic. We will write a custom essay sample on Understanding The Complexities Of Life Education Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now In my college, I became peculiarly interested in the field of Biology as I was ever amazed by the diverseness and complexness of life around me ; I chose to analyze biological science in more item. I chose Biotechnology as my major for my bachelor’sA grade ( B.Sc. ) along with chemical science and fauna as bush leagues. Biotechnology helped me understand applied biological science in great inside informations. I besides attended an on occupation developing under Annual Biotechnology Training plan at Haffkin Institute, Mumbai where I got more exposure to practical biotechnology, different biophysical techniques and instrumentality. Parallel to all this, I was besides interested in computing machines right from my school yearss. A class on programming in C, gave me an chance to larn computing machine scheduling and its applications. Having heard of bioinformatics as a combination of biological science and computing machines, I applied for and got selected through big figure of applications to go to a workshop on bioinformatics at Indian Institute of Technology ( IIT ) , Mumbai. Here, I was introduced to power of computing machines to reply inquiries in biological science. My apprehension of biological science, love towards computing machines and penetration into the universe of bioinformatics and its applications through my course of study and the workshop worked as a strong motive for me to take the specialisation for my maestro ‘s grade. I determined to prosecute my farther surveies in the field of bioinformatics and computational biological science with an purpose of utilizing potencies of computing machine systems and of recent promotions in the field of information engineering in order to analyze biological science with more easiness and at accelerated rate. I was selected to prosecute my Maestro of Science ( MSc ) in bioinformatics at Bioinformatics Centre, University of Pune, India, through a countrywide entryway scrutiny. I was ranked 8th from around 1000 appliers who appeared for the trial. My systematically good public presentation in entryway trial and in subsequent semesters made me eligible for Prof G. N. Ramchandran family and Dept. of Biotechnology, Govt. of India scholarship to prosecute my maestro ‘s degree instruction. Bioinformatics Centre is one of the Prime Minister institutes in India which is renowned for its part in the bioinformatics research and in developing good bioinformatics human resource. Two old ages of strict preparation in bioinformatics taught me a batch about this astonishing merger of biological scientific disciplines and information scientific disciplines. I was introduced to different computing machine scheduling linguistic communications and resources for application development in bioinformatics . Classs in biological science, computing machines and accent on their appropriate integrating made me believe of biological science in a really different and unconventional mode. In our 2nd semester, we had a capable Structural Biology and Molecular Modeling ( SBMM ) , where we were introduced to bio-macromolecular constructions with a computational and biophysical position. With the survey for this peculiar class, I became more focussed on my country of involvement. Surveies of structural biological science of proteins were truly an interesting portion of my course of study. Eminent scientists from different national research institutes gave us penetrations into the structural biological science of different biomolecules. I can non travel without adverting names of some of my instructors, Prof Ashok Kolaskar ( adviser, OHSL, USA and adviser, Internet2 ) , Dr. Dhananjay Bhattacharyya ( Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics ) , Dr. Raja Banerjee ( West Bengal University of Technology ) , Dr. Uddhavesh Sonawane ( C-DAC ) , Prof P. V. Balaji ( IIT, Mumbai ) to call a few. My first research experience in the field of Bioinformatics was my maestro ‘s degree research undertaking under the counsel Dr. Pramod Wangikar in his Bio-systems Engineering Lab at Chemical Engineering section of Indian Institute of Technology ( IIT ) , Mumbai. Though it was non straight connected to my country of involvement, it gave me insights into how research methodological analysis works for computational biological science. Here I worked with analysis of regulative elements of cyanobacteria- Synechocystis as a little portion of big systems biological science undertaking traveling on in his lab. This undertaking, as a whole, was taking towards constructing a systemic theoretical account of Synechocystis. My part was to use microarray informations for cistron look of all Synechocystis cistrons and written text factor adhering site analysis in order to footnote some of the cistrons. I could foretell the map of two cistrons which found to be related to photosynthetic tract but were unknown boulder clay day of the month. I got familiar with the existent life applications of different tools and techniques that I had studied earlier. From here, I determined to prosecute my calling in the research field and contribute as per my capablenesss to the scientific community. After MSc, I worked under the counsel of Prof Valadi Jayaraman from Center for Development of Advanced Computing ( C-DAC ) , India. I worked with Prof Jayaraman on short term undertaking titled Prediction of RNA adhering proteins utilizing random woods. His first-class counsel and my difficult work contributed to my apprehension of machine acquisition applications in biological science and utilizing information from biological constructions for better apprehension of the biological procedures. The undertaking involved extraction of of import characteristics from the RNA adhering sphere of many RNA binding proteins and developing the random forest classifier to do accurate anticipations about RNA adhering belongingss of unknown proteins. This once more provided me with a really utile technique of machine acquisition for work outing jobs in biological science and besides enhanced my accomplishments of computing machine programming for existent life applications. Parallel to this work with Prof Jayaraman, I besides worked in an industry, Persistent Systems Limited, Pune as Domain Analyst, where I learnt a batch about industrial position of bioinformatics and recent IT advancements assisting bioinformatics grow. It gave me an chance to form my ideas, represent myself professionally and to larn clip and resource direction. I worked on supplying preparation and support to many of US universities, our clients, for caTissue clinical information sciences application. But my passion and finding for making research prepared my head to go forth industry and carry out research. I applied for the station of Research Associate at Bioinformatics Centre, University of Pune. I got selected after strict interview procedure by an elegant panel under the Centre of Excellence ( CoE ) grant of Dept. of Biotechnology ( DBT ) , Govt. of India. Here I started working on some of the authorities funded undertakings. I worked on â€Å" Understanding the mechanism of anisomycin induced activation of p38 MAP kinase utilizing computational attack † under the high counsel of Dr. Sangeeta Sawant. Anisomycin is an antibiotic, which besides activates p38 MAP kinase, an of import constituent of signal transduction. But no information is available on how precisely it binds to and activates p38 MAP kinase. I attempted to execute molecular docking surveies and molecular kineticss simulation experiments. This work resulted in happening out putative binding site for anisomycin on p38 MAPK and in understanding different molecular interactions taking topographic point at the inter face of these two molecules. I learnt a batch about structural belongingss of proteins and power of MD Simulations to research mechanisms underlying cellular procedures. I used Amber molecular kineticss simulation bundle extensively to transport out the simulations. Another undertaking was â€Å" Analyzing the comparative stablenesss of conformational antigenic determinants: a instance survey of muramidase † , which was carried out under the counsel of Dr. Sangeeta Sawant and Dr. Urmila Kulkarni-Kale. This survey was carried out to understand the comparative stablenesss of single antigenic determinants and happening out antigenic determinants which might retain their stableness during their processing. We could back up the hypothesis that such antigenic determinants do be and can be identified. Possible application of this survey would be in placing possible drug/vaccine marks. We used blossoming simulation technique to analyze the phenomenon. I am happy to province that a po rtion of this work was presented with batch of grasp at International Conference on Biomolecular Forms and Functions, held at Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore and complete work is in concluding phases of its entry for publication. Both these undertakings equipped me with a needed attitude to transport out research and believe in a logical and rational manner to come to a solution. It made my foundations about structural biological science, biophysical chemical science and computing machine simulations stronger than they were. Currently I am keeping the same place and seeking to take my work to a logical terminal. Presently, I am besides involved in the development of Chemical Reaction Optimization ( CRO ) based cistron choice algorithm under the counsel of Prof Valadi Jayaraman of C-DAC, Pune. This undertaking work, which had merely started, is using my scheduling and bioinformatics accomplishments to plan and implement cistron choice algorithm utilizing CRO, a late proposed optimisation technique. I besides served as a sing module of bioinformatics for biotechnology pupils at Ruia College, Mumbai, which prepared me for my sphere capable with more duties. It helped me to go more confident and responsible to do others understand bioinformatics in a elusive mode. Teaching microarray informations analysis at University of Pune, Pune and Patkar College, Mumbai besides helped my instruction accomplishments grow. I besides organized and conducted a four twenty-four hours workshop on bioinformatics for life scientists at Ruia College. Success of this workshop and positive response from the participant made me confident about my organisational accomplishments. I have attended big figure of conferences and workshops, have presented my work at national degree conferences therefore have had changeless updates about new kingdom of biological research. I besides appeared for BioInformatics National Certification ( BINC ) scrutiny, conducted by Dept. of Biotechnology ( DBT ) , Govt. of India , to prove the ability of bioinformatics human resource and certify and congratulate really few of them who deserve to be good bioinformaticians. This test is of import in manner that it holds three documents, two usual aim and theory inquiries which test your capable cognition and one practical session which examines your ability to compose computing machine plans for bioinformatics. I was awarded BINC enfranchisement with All India Rank ( AIR ) 14 and besides a family to prosecute farther research in the field. BINC enfranchisement boosted my assurance about my cognition of bioinformatics. I besides have received grasp from module for good computing machine scheduling and presently I am involved in development of a plan suit for incorporating phyletic analysis package tools to fix an machine-controlled grapevine. Proteins, indispensable biomolecules, are the workhorses of all the cellular maps. Their features and maps are chiefly attributed to their third construction. Always amazed by the manner this machinery works ; I am interested to work on structural bioinformatics of proteins and their interactions with other molecules. My primary research involvements continue to be in the development of fresh methodological analysiss to understand mechanisms underlying cellular procedures. There are many other research countries in structural biological science which involvement me like molecular mold and molecular kineticss simulation, algorithm development and executions, protein construction development, understanding the protein-protein interactions, anticipation of protein construction all of which are interlinked in a manner or other. I have been introduced to protein construction by high panel of scientists working in this country, and that has elevated my involvements to a greater tallness and inspired me to prosecute research in the same. My twelvemonth long research experience in the field of molecular kineticss simulations and molecular moorage, in order to understand the mechanisms of biological procedures and for easing vaccinum development hold given me needed experience. Besides, it introduced me to some of the restrictions and demands of bing methods of protein construction analysis. One of my research involvements is to come up with a newer representation of protein construction for usage in molecular kineticss simulation. Currently available methods require truly thorough calculation power as it involves tremendous computations on each and every atom of the system. It takes immense sum of clip on simple machines to run a molecular kineticss simulation. While working with assorted simulations, I have ob served that inexplicit solvent theoretical accounts can be good mark to accomplish this end. There is a demand to better these theoretical accounts in such a manner that they will come close expressed solvent simulations in a better manner. One of the ways in which it might work is deducing forms of interactions from expressed solvent systems and integrating them in inexplicit dissolver theoretical accounts. Current inexplicit dissolver theoretical accounts include theoretical consequence of solvent molecules but we could better these theoretical accounts by presenting non merely distance dependance, but besides clip dependent solvent interactions. It means that we could present consequence of existent dissolver system at specific clip intervals by adding some solvent molecules and redefine the theoretical account after each interval therefore propagating the alterations brought approximately by solvent molecules. Another research country which entreaties me most is protein construction anticipation. Looking back in the history of bioinformatics, tremendous attempts have been taken to understand and foretell protein construction, which in bend imparts map to the protein. Our limited success even after such tremendous attempts illustrates why protein construction anticipation is known as Holy Grail of bioinformatics. Though I have had no experience in the country, I find it really interesting country to work upon and use my cognition of protein chemical science, machine acquisition and computing machine scheduling and algorithms to lend to the field. As we look at the of import mileposts in the history of computing machine scientific discipline, we can see distinguishable markers in the development of unreal intelligence. On one manus, biological science is researching expertness from assorted subjects to be utilized in biological research and on the other manus, techniques in computing machine scientific discipline have of all time since widened their pertinence sphere. With this, my profound involvement in computing machines and my passion for biological science has widened my research ends to applications of machine larning techniques in bioinformatics and computational biological science. I have strong experience in utilizing support vector machines and random forest classifiers for work outing simple biological jobs and I wish to travel farther and assist work out much more complex jobs utilizing machine acquisition. Currently I am involved in the development of chemical reaction optimisation ( CRO ) based cistron choice alg orithm. My primary involvement in this country is foretelling accurate ligand adhering sites on a protein construction. Current ligand adhering site anticipation algorithms work on rather generalised rules like geometry based, energy based etc. I strongly think that protein pit sensing for proper ligand binding should be based on more empirical rules and cognition should be brought in from big figure of known protein pits and ligands. Categorization of proteins and ligand into several categories and qualifying each category on certain belongingss seems indispensable to me before using any generalised ligand adhering site anticipation algorithm. Another facet that I would wish to research is protein turn uping and kineticss. Most of the attempts we have made understand an indispensable procedure of protein turn uping property it to the built-in belongingss of proteins, but many of the experimental consequences have shown that many other factors in the cell contribute to the protein turn uping procedure. Chaperons, microenvironment, different ions besides play a function. I would wish to travel a measure further and seek to garner all these factors together in a computational paradigm and seek understand turn uping in better mode. Folding of a protein, which is important measure in finding its maps and interactions, will assist in developing new drug marks and interventions for assorted diseases. These are some of the jobs I would wish to work upon. My long clip calling ends are to set up myself as a research worker in the field of protein scientific discipline and contribute as per my capablenesss to the society. I besides want to be invariably indulged in learning biological science, as I truly bask learning and sharing my cognition. Besides it makes me more confident with the topic I teach. With my preparation and experiences, and my research and calling ends, I need a suited topographic point where I can use my cognition and experience to develop my thoughts further and set them to people ‘s usage. While seeking for such environment, I was peculiarly attracted by a really fresh plan in Mathematical, Computational and Systems Biology at University of California, Irvine. Amazing blend of first-class research workers from assorted subjects would certainly do a difference. That ‘s why I decided to use at UCI. I am peculiarly interested in the work of Ray Luo. How to cite Understanding The Complexities Of Life Education Essay, Essay examples

Leonardo Da Vinci Essays (252 words) - Renaissance Painters

Leonardo Da Vinci Leonardo da Vinci was one of the greatest inventor-scientist of recorded history. His genius was unbounded by time and technology, and was driven by his insatiable curiosity, and his intuitive sense of the laws of nature. Da Vinci was dedicated to discovery of truth and the mysteries of nature, and his insightful contributions to science and technology were legendary. As the archetypical Renaissance man, Leonardo helped set an ignorant and superstitous world on a course of reason, science, learning, and tolerance. He was an internationally renowned inventor, scientists, engineer, architect, painter, sculptor, musician, mathematician, anatomist, astronomer, geologists, biologist, and philosopher in his time. Born in 1452 as an illegitimate son of Ser piero da Vinci, da Vinci was sent to Florence in his teens to apprentice as a painter under Andrea del Verrocchio. He quickly developed his own artistic style which was unique and contrary to tradition, even going so far as to devised his own special formula of paint. His style was characterized by diffuse shadows and subtle hues and marked the beginning of the High Renaissance period. Like many great original efforts, da Vinci's artistic style was largely unpopular for the next quarter century. Later Da Vinci became the court artist for the duke of Milan. Throughout his life he also served various other roles, including civil engineer and architect (designing mechanical structures such as bridges and aqueducts), and military planner and weapons designer (designing rudimentary tanks, catapults, machine guns, and even navel weapons). Da Vinci's creative, analytic, and visionary inventiveness has yet to be matched.

Negotiations and cross cultural considerations Essay Example

Negotiations and cross cultural considerations Essay Example Negotiations and cross cultural considerations Essay Negotiations and cross cultural considerations Essay Negotiations Negotiation steams from the Roman word negotiari meaning to carry on business. It was true for ancient Romans as it is for businesspersons of today that negotiations and business involves hard work. (Hendon, Hendon Herbig 1996) Negotiations are a frequent part of international business. Parties involved in a negotiation face different problems in reaching a successful outcome. When parties have different cultural backgrounds the faced problems becomes even more complex. Negotiation is a process to manage relationships. It is a basic human activity that xists between husband and wife, children and parents, employers and employees, buyers and sellers and between business associates. In business relationships the stakes are often high and therefore it is necessary to plan an prepare the negotiation more carefully. (Ghauri 2003) When business parties negotiate the purpose is to influence the process so they can get a better deal rather than to accept or reject what the other party is offering. Negotiations are treated as an important part of developing business in any market. The estimated time spent in negotiations is 50 er cent of the total working time. (Fraser Zarkanda-Fraser 2002) Business negotiations differ from other negotiations. In business negotiations it is considered the most challenging communication tasks (Woo Prudhomme 1999) and are more and more considered a crucial part of the managerial process, which is highly relevant to the implementation of business strategy (Ghauri 2003) Successful negotiations require understanding of each partys culture and may also require adaptation of the negotiating strategy so it is consistent with the other partys culture. Hollensen 2001) Negotiations is important, especially in business to business markets where companies build long term relationships. Establish, maintain and foster relationships are of prime importance for the market transaction to take place (Ghauri 2003). Due to globalization, many companies have also set up overseas branches and many managers are facing greater problems in negotiating with local sales office often manned with local managers. It is therefore, interesting to investigate how culture interfere the negotiation behaviour of parties coming from different countries and cultures. Cross-cultural Considerations The different social behaviour patterns international negotiators encounter have been broadly and loosely defined as cultural differences. Furthermore, there is limited research on the relationship of culture to negotiation, most probably because 0T tne Innerent OITTlcultles In tne metnoaology 0T stuaylng tnese proDlems. I nere are, however, four approaches taken by negotiation literature implying a connection between culture and behaviour : culture as a learned behaviour, culture as shared value, culture as dialectic, and culture-in-context. Robert 1991) Each approach is conceptually different, and this implies that it is important to understand these differences during the conduct of negotiation of international partnerships. Learned behaviours focuses on negotiating etiquette, that is the use of proper social customs, such as whether or not negotiations are conducted over dinner or not. Most books on how to negotiate abroad are written based on this approach to international negotiations. Researchers following this approach observe that certain types of behavior are common to certain cultures, and attempt to catalog those behaviors. Some of the earliest investigations into cultural differences take this form. However, this approach has difficulty accounting for individual variations in negotiation styles. (Robert 1991) Culture as a shared value focuses on the negotiation process. For this approach the assumption, simply put, is that thinking precedes doing, and that ones thinking patterns derive from ones cultural context. Researchers try to discover the basic values and attitudes of a particular culture, and then to deduce patterns of negotiation behavior from those basic beliefs. The shared value approach typically ssumes homogeneity in the cultures dominant or commonly-held cluster of values. This approach can potentially lead to failed negotiations if the negotiators themselves do not follow the rules of perception in the eyes of their counterparts on the other side of the bargaining table. Whereas the learned behavior approach merely describes differing behaviors, this approach attempts to explain those behaviors. However, this approach also has difficulty in accounting for individual variations in negotiation styles. Robert 1991) A third approach understands cultures as shaped by the dialectic tension between aired, opposing values. Cultures can be seen for example as shaped by the tension between the values of collectivism and individualism, or pragmatism and idealism, or spirituality and materialism. This approach has the advantage of being dynamic where the previous approaches were static. It can explain changes in a culture over time as shifts in the balance between opposing values. And it can explain individual variations in negotiating style as different personal interpretations of the same basic tensions. Robert (1991) argues that while this approach is more interesting to the cademic, it is less helpful to the negotiation practitioner, since it gives less definite answers to what to expect in a given circumstance. The culture-in-context model is a complex quintessential integration of the current understanding of human behaviour by systems theorists, such as Max Weber (1947), that human behaviour is not dictated by single cause explanations. Therefore, according to this model, the international negotiator needs to understand that even within such homogeneous cultures as the Japanese, complex human behaviour snou a De expected. Negotlatlng Denavlor wlll vary aepen01ng upon a w10e range 0T factors, such as the participants age, religion, class, or character, relations of authority, institutional setting, the opponents behavior, and even the presence or absence of an audience (Robert 1991) Academic analysts currently favor this approach. Its complexity gives more nuanced explanations. However this same complexity makes it even less useful as a predictive tool, and so as a useful guide for negotiation practitioners. The perceptions that different cultures have concerning trust are an important issue n the conduct of any negotiation. No contract can be drawn that covers every conceivable situation. Parties to any venture, whether international or domestic, must have a level of trust in each other. Humans by their very nature are opportunistic, and to the extent that parties cannot trust each other dictate the level of contractual constraints to prevent opportunistic behaviour. Trust in international negotiations manifests itself in the transaction cost theory, which suggests that some cultures are more trustworthy and less opportunistic than others. Obviously, strategic alliances egotiated between cultures with differing levels of transaction costs carry increased risk. Cultural diversity is not a simple or trivial issue. Understanding cultural differences is critical in the negotiation and operation of any international strategic alliance. Approaches which rely on simplified notions of culture and rational choice theory are attractive in part because they offer determinate accounts of negotiation behavior and relatively simple predictive models. Robert (1991) cautions however that this appeal should not prevent us from undertaking studies which rely on rather ore sophisticated notions of culture. Such approaches are messier but are potentially more accurate and ultimately more rewarding. Erikson, E. H. (1950). Childhood and Society. New York:Norton. Ghauri, Pervez N, (2003), International business Negotiations- 2nd edition, Oxford, UK:Elsevter, pp 3-22. Hollensen, Svend (2001), Global marketing A market-responsive approach- 2nd edition, Harlow, England: Pearson Education Limited. Hendon, Donald W; Hendon, Rebecca Angeles and Herbig, Paul (1996), Cross-cultural Business Negotiations, Quorum Books, Westport, USA Fraser, Campbell and Zarkanda-Fraser, Anna, (2002), An exploratory investigation into cultural awareness and approach to negotiation of Greek, Russian and British Managers, European business review, vol 14, no. 2 , pp. 111-127 Woo, Hong Seng and Prudhomme, Celine (1999), Cultural characteristics prevalent in the Chinese negotiation process, European business review, vol. 99, no. 5, pp 313-322 Rooert JanoslK 1), RetnlnKlng tne culture-Negotlatlon LlnK In Negotlatlon I neory and Practice, eds. J. , Cambridge, pp. 235-246 Weber Max. (1947), The Theory of Social and Economic Organization. New York: Free Press.

How Students Can Leverage Part-Time and Volunteer Work - Guest Post by Gary Ryan

How Students Can Leverage Part-Time and Volunteer Work - Guest Post by Gary Ryan The following is a guest post by Gary Ryan, founder of Organisations That Matter. Edited by Brenda Bernstein, The Essay Expert. Summer vacations (or â€Å"holiday seasons† as they say Down Under), are terrific for many reasons. They present an opportunity to catch up with friends and family as well as to relax. For many students, summer means a chance to earn money and/or volunteer (especially if you aren’t taking extra classes). Unfortunately, many students don’t take full advantage of their holiday work. Too often I hear things like, â€Å"I’m just a check-out operator,† or â€Å"I just work at a cafà ©,† or â€Å"I just provide meals to homeless people.† There is no such thing as â€Å"just† a part time job- not if you are prepared to consider the employability skills that you are developing while doing your work! Below is a short list of ten employability skills that part time / volunteer work develops: 1. Communication skills 2. Problem solving skills 3. Initiative 4. Teamwork 5. Technology skills 6. Planning and organizing skills 7. Service excellence skills 8. Leadership skills 9. Learning skills 10. Self-management skills Let’s look at some examples of how you might develop these skills: 1. Communication If you communicate with your boss, other team members and/or the general public, then you have the opportunity to develop communication skills. Here’s a tip: Good communicators are good listeners †¦ which also means that you are good at asking questions. So, develop your questioning skills and your communication skills will skyrocket! 2. Problem solving Problems occur all the time. In every job. A computer won’t work. Another staff member didn’t turn up for their shift. The delivery hasn’t arrived and customers are waiting for their orders. The list goes on. Each of these examples is a wonderful opportunity for you to consciously practice your problem solving skills. Not only that, but you can create a bank of stories about how you solve problems. Can you imagine any of your future employers not wanting a problem solver? Neither can I! 3. Initiative Showing initiative is doing something helpful without having been asked. Every time you see that something could go wrong (like someone slipping on a banana peel) and you take action to stop that from happening (like picking up the banana peel) you are showing initiative. Opportunities to demonstrate initiative are everywhere. Keep your eye out for them and grasp them with both hands when they pop up. They also create great stories that can be used in interviews. 4. Teamwork There is hardly a job that exists that does not involve teamwork. Even if you work alone, you are probably still part of a team. Imagine an interview when you are asked about your experience of working in teams. If you’ve covered a shift for a teammate, taught someone something, or helped out in some other way, you will have a great answer to this question! 5. Technology Technology skills don’t just include using electronic devices such as computers and scanners. Using technology can mean writing on whiteboards, driving forklifts (providing you have a license) and whatever else you have to use to do your job. If you volunteer planting trees, the shovels, picks and other tools that you use are all forms of technology. By having a range of stories about your technological capacity, you can demonstrate your adaptability and ability to learn quickly. Most students don’t even think about these things as being relevant to their future. But, they are! 6. Planning and organizing In whatever work you are doing, show up on time and meet your deadlines. Employers expect it. Practice it and practice it now. 7. Leadership For those of you who have responsibility for a team or other staff, how do you treat the people you lead? What are your mental models about leadership? How are your personal values reflected in how you lead? Conscious thought about these questions can create wonderful leadership experiences for you as well as the opportunity to make relatively â€Å"safe† mistakes. Think about your personal theory about formal leadership. Try it out. See if it works. Learn how to lead by doing it when the opportunity arises. 8. Learning Part time and volunteer work always involves learning one or more of the following: technical skills policies and procedures cash management processes customer service procedures people’s names how to work in a team how to communicate the company mission / vision This list could go on. The point is, notice what you have to learn to do your job. You’ll have a mountain of examples to share in an interview! 9. Service excellence No job is worth its salt if you aren’t able to practice developing your service excellence skills. Quite simply, service excellence is like oxygen. In any job, we can’t live without it. The simplest and best practice to adopt is, â€Å"Everyone is my customer: my boss, my colleagues and my customers.† If you wouldn’t choose to be a customer of yourself, then you need to improve your skills in this area or you will likely â€Å"suffocate† your career. 10. Self-management In order to consciously practice the above skills you have to practice self-management. You will have all had a challenging on-the-job experience. How did you handle it? How did you overcome any negative experiences? Challenges at work require a significant amount of positive self-talk, time management, problem solving and communication skills. Develop them now! Part-time and volunteer work are goldmines as far as developing your employability skills. Take full advantage of your opportunities. The gold in this sense will come in the future when you get the job that you really want. So, enjoy your time off this â€Å"holiday season†- and make it an even more valuable summer by developing yourself in the workplace! Gary Ryan is the Founder of Organisations That Matter, author of What Really Matters For Young Professionals! and creator of the Yes For Success online platform for creating and executing a life of balance and personal success!

Food science Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Food science - Essay Example Bacteria require their own chow to produce and increase. There are different kinds of bacteria, which contaminate the food. Each type of bacteria causing food poisoning would be studied along with the symptoms and treatment separately. There are approximately 74 million cases of food poisoning out of which 323,000 hospitalized and nearly 4000 die yearly in the U. S. alone. According to CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) food poisoning is common in all groups of ages but particularly the children and aged people are most vulnerable to face serious penalties from food poisoning. During 1990 to 1994 numbers of children suffering from food poisoning were approximately 73 million but during the period from1985 to 1989 number of suffering children were 81 million. According to an estimate 400 to 500 children in the U.S die annually from food poisoning. The probability of having food poisoning is in fact very small when the number of food poisoning cases in the population of 21.4 million in Australia. Exact statistics of food poisoning cases are really very difficult to gather because a lot of cases are easygoing and not reported. In the year 2003, the FSIC (Food Safety Information Council) anticipated about more than 4 million Australians experience food poisoning each year. This is obviously a very huge number and this issue needs our deep focus, it also specifies that about 0.03% of meals are infected forms of food poisoning. The most worrying thing about food poisoning is that it can be deadly. Two aged people died by eating infected beef in Victoria in Feb. 2007; another died from food poisoning in hospital this year. These kinds of incidents speed up the need to develop food safety standards. A report published in 2005 reveals that nearly 130 people die from food poisoning every year in Australia. Mostly food poisoning

America's Infrastructure Failing Research Paper

America's Infrastructure Failing - Research Paper Example It is both an actual and metaphorical foundation of society. This has been an issue needing a solution for at least 25 years. An effort was made in the 1990’s but fell short of what was necessary even then. Today the situation is dire according to a study recently completed by the American Society of Civil Engineers. Though a slow economy is often blamed for not having the ability to fund massive projects nationwide, it is that very funding which would immediately improve the economy. A faction in Congress believes strict austerity measures are the answer to the National Debt problem and that the nation cannot afford a stimulus package to supply jobs, repair infrastructure and give the economy a boost. This is the same faction that caused the government to shut down for no reason and don’t acknowledge the failed austerity experiment Europe has been experiencing. It won’t likely be this historically inept Congress that pulls the economy out its slow growth period while building for the future but maybe the public persuade them if the problem is framed correctly, a task President Obama is attempting, again. What’s the cost of an aging infrastructure as opposed to repairing and replacing it? America’s answer has been to patch it as it breaks while other countries are preparing for the future while creating jobs. Following the devastation of Hurricane Sandy along the east coast last year the electrical infrastructure was not worth salvaging. Instead of replacing it with a high tech ‘smart grid’ the same old system was rebuilt. A tragedy brought opportunity but it was an opportunity lost. The Chinese are replacing their electric lines, not because it was something they had to do, it is the smart thing to do. China’s new power lines lose seven percent of its energy after traveling1200 miles. U.S. power lines lose 80 percent over the same distance. Energy loss is expensive. A 2013 infrastructure report complied by the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) predict that by 2020 business could be burdened with an additional $1.2 trillion in the cost of doing business such as problems associated with water main breaks, electric blackouts and shoddy roads which slows traffic and causes vehicle damage. â€Å"If we look at New Orleans alone,† said Assistant Legislative Director for the United Steelworkers Roxanne Brown, â€Å"it was ultimately a failure of infrastructure, the levees that devastated a commanding share of the city in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina.† Many businesses will never recover. It’s a ‘pay me now or pay me later’ proposition. It’s anybody’s guess how climate change will exacerbate an already critical situation. It’s certain though that the dilapidated, antique infrastructure cannot endure through climate extremes because it’s already been falling apart for decades. The ASCE predicts the total cost to do not hing is prohibitively high, again, 1.2 trillion for businesses and $610 billion for taxpayers. (Justuan, 2013). The nation’s infrastructure report card is in, graded according to facts obtained by ASCE. America’s bridges are narrow and old, many well past their projected lifespan. About one-quarter are deemed â€Å"structurally deficient.† Bridges built during and for another time, the 1950’s and 1960’s, cause traffic congestion because the bridge too often have fewer lanes that